Financials Credit Analyst

Hank Calenti, CFA

CreditContinuum

Credit

Equity markets applauded <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/societe-generale-sa" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:21478:1" rel="noopener">Société Générale's (SocGen)</a> Q4 results while credit markets were less impressed. The dichotomy resulted in additional, possibly unwarranted, spread widening between SocGen’s 10-year Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bnp-paribas" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:525:1" rel="noopener">BNP Paribas' (BNP)</a> similar security. BNP is clearly perceived to be a better credit. We question whether this is entirely appropriate.We find that fundamental differences between SocGen and BNP may be less than perceived in the credit markets with respect to core recurrent earnings, trading risks and asset quality. Nonetheless, SocGen’s AT1 trades at a discount of 17 to 75bps to BNP. At the same time, SocGen reports a materially higher buffer of capital to potential earnings distribution restrictions. Juxtaposed with the current interest rate environment, this is meaningful. Concurrently, upcoming, potentially positive, event risk could restrict SocGen’s spread widening relative to BNP over the near term.  Investors may be better served in SocGen’s AT1 curve over the near term. We identify our preferred entry point within.

Equity markets applauded Société Générale's (SocGen) Q4 results while credit markets were less impressed. The dichotomy resulted in additional, possibly unwarranted, spread widening between SocGen’s 10-year Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and BNP Paribas' (BNP) similar security. BNP is clearly perceived to be a better credit. We question whether this is entirely appropriate.We find that fundamental differences between SocGen and BNP may be less than perceived in the credit markets with respect to core recurrent earnings, trading risks and asset quality. Nonetheless, SocGen’s AT1 trades at a discount of 17 to 75bps to BNP. At the same time, SocGen reports a materially higher buffer of capital to potential earnings distribution restrictions. Juxtaposed with the current interest rate environment, this is meaningful. Concurrently, upcoming, potentially positive, event risk could restrict SocGen’s spread widening relative to BNP over the near term.  Investors may be better served in SocGen’s AT1 curve over the near term. We identify our preferred entry point within.

Société Générale’s AT1: Better Fundamental and Relative Value than BNP

Research and consultancy, Tabbush Report

Daniel Tabbush

Research and consultancy

Tabbush Report

We provide research and consultancy on Asian banks. Our focus is on what we call “Asian bank research, without the noise.” We are interested in the most critical swing-factors for banks, the NPL and credit cycle, and where we believe there is a gap between perception and reality. We often focus on the less studied components of bank financial statements.  Our research is highly thematic, sometimes examining unlisted banks and companies as a window on mainstream banks. 

Being independent allows us to look at smaller banks, often overlooked by others. Analysis of BIS bank guidelines in the context of Asia, is also a focal point, while we also analyze global banks operating in the region. We use what we believe is the most comprehensive, reliable financials database, SNL Financial. S&P Capital IQ augments our database, with corporate data and CEIC, with economics. 

Asian bank research, without the noise.

Equity Bottom-Up

Credit Agricole and Societe Generale have reported dismal quarterly results. This may have negative implications for HSBC in the region. We continue to believe that HSBC Holdings will not fare as well as many banks globally, and perhaps its operations in France are just one reason for this.

Credit Agricole and Societe Generale have reported dismal quarterly results. This may have negative implications for HSBC in the region. We continue to believe that HSBC Holdings will not fare as well as many banks globally, and perhaps its operations in France are just one reason for this. 

We screen for value in <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/standard-chartered-plc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:193:1" rel="noopener">Standard Chartered' s  (StanLn)</a> Additional Tier 1 (AT1) curve within a post-Covid-19 economic operating environment. This is the final installment of a series of linked insights on Standard Chartered. Please see: <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/standard-chartered-credit-versus-a-sovereign-cds-portfolio" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:47205" rel="noopener">Standard Chartered Credit versus a Sovereign CDS Portfolio</a> as well as <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/standard-chartered-capital-forbearance-and-cds" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:47266" rel="noopener">Capital, Forbearance and CDS</a> for background on StanLn.First we assess whether StanLn has the capacity to absorb losses from its Covid-19 relief lending. Then we screen for potential extension risk and determine where the market may be mispricing StanLn’s credit risk while considering the liquidity of its AT1 instruments and other factors that may influence credit spreads.Standard Chartered ’s recently issued 4.75% coupon 2031 first call AT1 bond should be trading tighter given a higher Common Equity Tier 1 capital buffer than other banks which recently issued 10-year AT1 notes. However, the question is whether investors should reach for duration at this point in the Covid-19 economic cycle. Concurrently, Standard Chartered’ s Legacy Tier 1 bonds may be of interest to event-driven investors. Please see: <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/standard-chartered-legacy-tier-1-is-on-fire" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:45722" rel="noopener">Standard Chartered Legacy Tier 1 is on Fire</a> for more details.Our top pick is the 7.75% coupon 2023 AT1 bond due to superior credit-adjusted returns, moderate duration as well as low extension risk and decent liquidity.  The main risk to this top pick is the tension between assuring sufficient shareholder returns in the near-term versus StanLn’s long-term provisioning needs. The bank is expected to announce full-year results towards the end of February.

We screen for value in Standard Chartered' s  (StanLn) Additional Tier 1 (AT1) curve within a post-Covid-19 economic operating environment. This is the final installment of a series of linked insights on Standard Chartered. Please see: Standard Chartered Credit versus a Sovereign CDS Portfolio as well as Capital, Forbearance and CDS for background on StanLn.First we assess whether StanLn has the capacity to absorb losses from its Covid-19 relief lending. Then we screen for potential extension risk and determine where the market may be mispricing StanLn’s credit risk while considering the liquidity of its AT1 instruments and other factors that may influence credit spreads.Standard Chartered ’s recently issued 4.75% coupon 2031 first call AT1 bond should be trading tighter given a higher Common Equity Tier 1 capital buffer than other banks which recently issued 10-year AT1 notes. However, the question is whether investors should reach for duration at this point in the Covid-19 economic cycle. Concurrently, Standard Chartered’ s Legacy Tier 1 bonds may be of interest to event-driven investors. Please see: Standard Chartered Legacy Tier 1 is on Fire for more details.Our top pick is the 7.75% coupon 2023 AT1 bond due to superior credit-adjusted returns, moderate duration as well as low extension risk and decent liquidity.  The main risk to this top pick is the tension between assuring sufficient shareholder returns in the near-term versus StanLn’s long-term provisioning needs. The bank is expected to announce full-year results towards the end of February.

Standard Chartered: Screening for AT1 Value, Post-Covid-19

<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bnp-paribas" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:525:1" rel="noopener">BNP Paribas' (BNP FP)</a> credit costs were artificially engineered lower during 2020, like most banks globally, via regulatory forbearance combined with legislated and bank provided Covid-19 relief. This helped BNP report positive results despite the ongoing health crisis. Lack of Covid-19 loan loss reserve coverage also inflated BNP’s capital ratios. This impact may unwind over time.While BNP’s Covid-19 restructured loan amounts were less significant than at other financial institutions, they were material relative to the loss absorption ability of the bank. As such, by applying loan loss reserve rates for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans to unprovided Covid-19 relief amounts, we derive a potential range of BNP’s real economic Common Equity Tier 1 ratio without EBA asset quality forbearance. The impact is significant. Covid-19 relief provided was largest in lending to small and medium sized enterprises (SME), relative to the amount of loans outstanding. Over 25% of SME lending was subject to some form of Covid-19 relief assistance. SME lending is the area to keep an eye on for potential deterioration in BNP’s capital ratios.Against this artificially engineered credit cost background, BNP’s Sub / Senior Credit Default Swap (CDS) curve appears to be pricing in a weaker fundamental credit profile over the next three years. From a hedging perspective, since we anticipate a deterioration in the credit profiles of major financial institutions over the next year, buying CDS protection may be worthwhile. However, we would rather own <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/hsbc-holdings-plc-a723bd63-0890-486f-aaa0-3bb9ad2b95ce" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:21976:1" rel="noopener">HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN)</a> 1-year CDS protection as cheap insurance.

BNP Paribas' (BNP FP) credit costs were artificially engineered lower during 2020, like most banks globally, via regulatory forbearance combined with legislated and bank provided Covid-19 relief. This helped BNP report positive results despite the ongoing health crisis. Lack of Covid-19 loan loss reserve coverage also inflated BNP’s capital ratios. This impact may unwind over time.While BNP’s Covid-19 restructured loan amounts were less significant than at other financial institutions, they were material relative to the loss absorption ability of the bank. As such, by applying loan loss reserve rates for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans to unprovided Covid-19 relief amounts, we derive a potential range of BNP’s real economic Common Equity Tier 1 ratio without EBA asset quality forbearance. The impact is significant. Covid-19 relief provided was largest in lending to small and medium sized enterprises (SME), relative to the amount of loans outstanding. Over 25% of SME lending was subject to some form of Covid-19 relief assistance. SME lending is the area to keep an eye on for potential deterioration in BNP’s capital ratios.Against this artificially engineered credit cost background, BNP’s Sub / Senior Credit Default Swap (CDS) curve appears to be pricing in a weaker fundamental credit profile over the next three years. From a hedging perspective, since we anticipate a deterioration in the credit profiles of major financial institutions over the next year, buying CDS protection may be worthwhile. However, we would rather own HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN) 1-year CDS protection as cheap insurance.

BNP Paribas: Capital, Forbearance and CDS

<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/hsbc-holdings-plc-a723bd63-0890-486f-aaa0-3bb9ad2b95ce" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:21976:1" rel="noopener">HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN)</a> newly issued Additional Tier 1 (AT1) bond is not worth chasing. HSBC remains adrift and a strategic reset in February could have an outsized impact on longer dated notes. We see better risk adjusted returns in lower duration securities of the issuer.HCBC’s 4.6% coupon 2030 first call AT1 bond priced in-line with similarly long-duration AT1 notes. The market’s preference for duration aided in generating attractive pricing for the issuer. Priced at 10-year Treasuries plus 365 basis points, we see little upside and plenty of market-driven downside at this level. Only <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bnp-paribas" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:525:1" rel="noopener">BNP Paribas' (BNP FP)</a> 4.5% coupon 2030 first call AT1 priced at a tighter spread in 10-year AT1 paper this year and BNP’s market timing was perfect.This issuance also suggests to us a sooner than expected restart of stock buybacks. To limit capital leverage, HSBC Holding’s UK regulator generally does not allow banks to issue AT1 while the firm is buying stock in the open market. Stock buybacks can deplete capital buffers faster than regular dividends and, therefore, are not AT1 investor friendly.  Taken together, a flat yield curve combined with<ul><li><ul>
<li>overpriced risk relative to ratings,</li>
<li>spreads that are tight to similar maturity senior bonds</li>
<li>capital buffers that are in-line with peers but driven by high conversion trigger levels that are not priced-in, and</li>
<li>underpriced credit default risk at the long end</li>
</ul></li></ul>leads us to conclude that the newly issued AT1 note has limited upside relative to its shorter duration cohorts.Finally, investor preference for long-duration assets in the low yield environment appears to be having a large impact on valuations. Chasing spread at this point in the cycle can be dangerous. Given better risk / return opportunities on other parts of the credit continuum, we do not recommend chasing HSBC’s new AT1 bond.

HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN) newly issued Additional Tier 1 (AT1) bond is not worth chasing. HSBC remains adrift and a strategic reset in February could have an outsized impact on longer dated notes. We see better risk adjusted returns in lower duration securities of the issuer.HCBC’s 4.6% coupon 2030 first call AT1 bond priced in-line with similarly long-duration AT1 notes. The market’s preference for duration aided in generating attractive pricing for the issuer. Priced at 10-year Treasuries plus 365 basis points, we see little upside and plenty of market-driven downside at this level. Only BNP Paribas' (BNP FP) 4.5% coupon 2030 first call AT1 priced at a tighter spread in 10-year AT1 paper this year and BNP’s market timing was perfect.This issuance also suggests to us a sooner than expected restart of stock buybacks. To limit capital leverage, HSBC Holding’s UK regulator generally does not allow banks to issue AT1 while the firm is buying stock in the open market. Stock buybacks can deplete capital buffers faster than regular dividends and, therefore, are not AT1 investor friendly.  Taken together, a flat yield curve combined with
overpriced risk relative to ratings,
spreads that are tight to similar maturity senior bonds
capital buffers that are in-line with peers but driven by high conversion trigger levels that are not priced-in, and
underpriced credit default risk at the long end
leads us to conclude that the newly issued AT1 note has limited upside relative to its shorter duration cohorts.Finally, investor preference for long-duration assets in the low yield environment appears to be having a large impact on valuations. Chasing spread at this point in the cycle can be dangerous. Given better risk / return opportunities on other parts of the credit continuum, we do not recommend chasing HSBC’s new AT1 bond.

France

Societe Generale SA attracts deposits and offers commercial, retail, investment, and private banking services.  The Bank offers consumer credit, vehicle lease financing, information technology equipment leasing, life and non-life insurance, custodian services, trade and project financing, currency exchange, treasury services, and financial and commodities futures brokerage services.

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Societe Generale Sa (GLE FP)

Société Générale’s AT1: Better Fundamental and Relative Value than BNP

SocGen’s AT1 curve offer better value than BNP’s. SocGen reports a materially higher capital buffer and other fundamental differences are less than...

Hank Calenti, CFA

HSBC – Vive La France!

Credit Agricole and Societe Generale have reported dismal quarterly results. This may have negative implications for HSBC in the region.

Daniel Tabbush

Standard Chartered: Screening for AT1 Value, Post-Covid-19

We screen for value in StanLn’s AT1 curve, including the S$ bond, within a post-Covid-19 economic environment, and we determine StanLn’s capacity...

Hank Calenti, CFA

BNP Paribas: Capital, Forbearance and CDS

BNPs real economic capital, sans forbearance, may be materially lower than reported. Credit costs were artificially engineered lower, like at most...

Hank Calenti, CFA

HSBC’s New AT1: Not Worth Chasing

HSBC remains adrift and a strategic reset could have an outsized impact on longer dated notes. The newly issued AT1 is not worth chasing. We see...

Hank Calenti, CFA

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