Equity Analyst, LightStream Research

Oshadhi Kumarasiri

Equity Analyst

Long-Short Analysis on Japan, Asia and the World

LightStream Research

LightStream conducts quantitatively rigorous and data-driven analysis with a focus on Japan and Asia.

We consistently cover the Tech, Consumer and Industrial sectors, and provide ECM and Events coverage more broadly.

We supplement traditional qualitative insights from company relationships with a robust quantitative foundation that examines as much historical data as is available.
We further refine the accuracy of our insights and calls through the use of alternative data to flesh out current trends, and through a valuation framework that emphasises non-superficial peer group selection and a proper attempt to understand the metrics and changes that have driven security valuations in the past.

Equity Bottom-Up

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On 23rd June, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/base-inc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BASE (4477 JP)</a>’s e-commerce platform began handling cross-border e-commerce delivery services covering 150 countries. The company has teamed up with Neowing, an e-commerce platform for digital content to integrate the “NEOlogi App” into "BASE" to enable member stores to handle deliveries to customers who purchase products from overseas vendors.
BASE was listed on 25th October 2019 at ¥1,300 - the higher end of the proposed price range. At the time we <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/base-inc-ipo-excellent-customer-retention-justifies-high-promo-costs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a>:- 
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“BASE Inc’s IPO provides an opportunity to enter into the fast-growing Japanese payment processing space at a more than reasonable multiple”
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After an initial subdued performance, the share price has increased by 356% in the last three months. Most of the gains came after the first quarter results announcement when the company issued operating and net income guidance for the first time.
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<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/142/208/original/image_98872529421593080490603.png?1593080486" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="142208"></figure>
Source: Cap IQ</div>
<div>BASE has benefited from investor demand for COVID-resistant stocks and the company’s valuation multiples have stretched beyond those of even ‘pure-play’ payment processing companies. Although we maintain our positive long-term, the current valuation is unjustified and we recommend selling or reducing holdings.</div>



On 23rd June, BASE (4477 JP)’s e-commerce platform began handling cross-border e-commerce delivery services covering 150 countries. The company has teamed up with Neowing, an e-commerce platform for digital content to integrate the “NEOlogi App” into "BASE" to enable member stores to handle deliveries to customers who purchase products from overseas vendors.
BASE was listed on 25th October 2019 at ¥1,300 - the higher end of the proposed price range. At the time we wrote:- 

“BASE Inc’s IPO provides an opportunity to enter into the fast-growing Japanese payment processing space at a more than reasonable multiple”

After an initial subdued performance, the share price has increased by 356% in the last three months. Most of the gains came after the first quarter results announcement when the company issued operating and net income guidance for the first time.




Source: Cap IQ
BASE has benefited from investor demand for COVID-resistant stocks and the company’s valuation multiples have stretched beyond those of even ‘pure-play’ payment processing companies. Although we maintain our positive long-term, the current valuation is unjustified and we recommend selling or reducing holdings.

BASE: Robust Growth Through Collaboration with NEOlogi - Expensive @ 12.5x EV/​Sales

Telco/Internet specialist

Kirk Boodry

Redex Research

NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone) / Equity Bottom-Up

<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/nippon-telegraph-telephone-corporation" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:623:1" rel="noopener">NTT (Nippon Telegraph &amp; Telephone) (9432 JP)</a> will invest c. ¥67bn for a 5% stake in telecom equipment maker NEC whilst the two companies will work together on the development of 5G network equipment going forward. There are opportunities in the global space as 5G proliferates even as leading vendor Huawei struggles politically.  NTT has enough cash that it can afford to make this investment and still have plenty of resources for share buybacks. For NEC, this is the second meaningful 5G alliance this month and working with both NTT and Rakuten gives it cover as disruption comes to the telecom equipment market.

NTT (Nippon Telegraph &amp; Telephone) (9432 JP) will invest c. ¥67bn for a 5% stake in telecom equipment maker NEC whilst the two companies will work together on the development of 5G network equipment going forward. There are opportunities in the global space as 5G proliferates even as leading vendor Huawei struggles politically.  NTT has enough cash that it can afford to make this investment and still have plenty of resources for share buybacks. For NEC, this is the second meaningful 5G alliance this month and working with both NTT and Rakuten gives it cover as disruption comes to the telecom equipment market.

NTT Invests in NEC, Belle of the 5G Ball?

'Quantamental' Japan Specialist, LightStream Research

Campbell Gunn

'Quantamental' Japan Specialist

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

FROM OPERATING TO FINANCING CASH FLOWS -  Having examined Operating Cash Flow in our previous <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/japan-stress-tests-part-2-operating-cash-flow-accruals" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:40321" rel="noopener">Insight</a>, we shall look into the 'stressors' between Operating Cash Flow and Financing Cash Flow. In our reformulated Cash Flow Statements, cash flows relating to operating activities are divided into Operating Cash Flows and Investing Cash Flows, which comprise Fixed Asset and Inventory Cash Flows.  Free Cash Flow is the sum of Operating Cash Flow, Fixed Asset Cash Flow and Inventory Cash Flow. Inventories are not included in Operating Cash Flow as they are considered discretionary, are often related to Fixed asset Cash Flows, and can be highly seasonal.<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/141/225/original/2020-06-21_08-34-07.png?1592698079" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="141225"></figure><div class="content-caption">Source: Japan Analytics</div>JAPAN WAS FCF POSITIVE IN Q4.. - Despite the decline in Operating Cash Flow in the last quarter (the final quarter of the Fiscal Year for most Japanese companies), Investing Cash Flow was more positive than in any quarter since FY2016-Q4, which also coincided with the last business cycle low. As a result, the aggregate Free Cash Flow for the 3,639 listed non-financial companies (excluding<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/rakuten-inc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:31:1" rel="noopener"> Rakuten (4755 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/z-holdings-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:19603:1" rel="noopener">Z Holdings (4689 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/japan-post-holdings-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:359:1" rel="noopener">Japan Post (6178 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/softbank-group-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:315:1" rel="noopener">Softbank Group (9984 JP)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/sony-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:563:1" rel="noopener">Sony (6758 JP)</a>) was an impressive ¥8.4 trillion or an annualised yield of 6.4%.<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/141/223/original/2020-06-21_08-51-12.png?1592697088" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="141223"></figure><div class="content-caption">Source: Japan Analytics</div>..AS CAPEX WAS PUT ON HOLD - Seasonally Japanese companies capital expenditures are higher in the second half of the fiscal year- in FY2019, ¥21trillion was added to Operating Assets. In contrast, FY2020 saw a 79% decline in capex to ¥4.4 trillion, all of which was spent in the third quarter. This decline is the most substantial second-half quarter-on-quarter contraction in fixed asset outflows since 2009.   In the DETAIL below, we shall highlight those 'outlier' large-cap companies which are either end of the capex, inventory and Free Cash Flow tables, and focus on those with the greatest intimations of business 'stress'. We have excluded the Real Estate Sector from this analysis due to the inherent volatility of fixed assets and inventory cash flows fo these companies.

FROM OPERATING TO FINANCING CASH FLOWS -  Having examined Operating Cash Flow in our previous Insight, we shall look into the 'stressors' between Operating Cash Flow and Financing Cash Flow. In our reformulated Cash Flow Statements, cash flows relating to operating activities are divided into Operating Cash Flows and Investing Cash Flows, which comprise Fixed Asset and Inventory Cash Flows.  Free Cash Flow is the sum of Operating Cash Flow, Fixed Asset Cash Flow and Inventory Cash Flow. Inventories are not included in Operating Cash Flow as they are considered discretionary, are often related to Fixed asset Cash Flows, and can be highly seasonal.Source: Japan AnalyticsJAPAN WAS FCF POSITIVE IN Q4.. - Despite the decline in Operating Cash Flow in the last quarter (the final quarter of the Fiscal Year for most Japanese companies), Investing Cash Flow was more positive than in any quarter since FY2016-Q4, which also coincided with the last business cycle low. As a result, the aggregate Free Cash Flow for the 3,639 listed non-financial companies (excluding Rakuten (4755 JP), Z Holdings (4689 JP), Japan Post (6178 JP), Softbank Group (9984 JP) and Sony (6758 JP)) was an impressive ¥8.4 trillion or an annualised yield of 6.4%.Source: Japan Analytics..AS CAPEX WAS PUT ON HOLD - Seasonally Japanese companies capital expenditures are higher in the second half of the fiscal year- in FY2019, ¥21trillion was added to Operating Assets. In contrast, FY2020 saw a 79% decline in capex to ¥4.4 trillion, all of which was spent in the third quarter. This decline is the most substantial second-half quarter-on-quarter contraction in fixed asset outflows since 2009.   In the DETAIL below, we shall highlight those 'outlier' large-cap companies which are either end of the capex, inventory and Free Cash Flow tables, and focus on those with the greatest intimations of business 'stress'. We have excluded the Real Estate Sector from this analysis due to the inherent volatility of fixed assets and inventory cash flows fo these companies.

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 3 - Inventory, Fixed Asset & Free Cash Flows

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<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/139/997/original/2020-06-15_11-08-56.png?1592186965" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="139997"></figure><div class="content-caption">Source: Japan Analytics</div>
STRESS TESTS - This Insight is the second in our Japan Stress Test series in which we endeavour to assess where business risk is concentrated among larger Japanese companies. <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/japan-stress-tests-part-1-altman-z-scores" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:40180" rel="noopener">Part 1</a> looked at the time-worn Altman-Z Score for both manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies. In Part 2 will we turn our attention to the cash flow statement starting with the 'lifeblood' of all businesses - Operating Cash Flow.
ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING - Despite the sacrosanctity in some quarters of discounted cash flow analysis, for valuation purposes, our preference is to use accrual accounting. As Professor Stephen Penman states, "Accrual accounting brings the future forward in time and anticipates future cash flows."  Nevertheless, cash flow accounting, and the level of accounting accruals, can provide early insights into periodic stress. <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/nissan-motor-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:72:1" rel="noopener">Nissan Motor (7201 JP)'s</a> Accruals (Operating Income less Operating Cash Flow) as a percentage of period-end market capitalisation correlate with the company's Relative Price Score over the last thirty years. Further Insights in this series will continue to 'mine'  the Cash Flow statement by exploring Financing Cash Flows and the Working Capital Cycle.
REFORMULATED CASH FLOWSTATEMENTS - Our Operating Cash Flow calculation is derived from each company's Balance Sheet and Income Statement for periods of up to twenty-eight years. Cash Flow items relating to operating activities are divided into Operating Cash Flow and Investing Cash Flow, which includes Fixed Asset and Inventory Cash Flows.  Cash flows relating to financing activities are divided into Financing Cash Flow and Shareholder Cash Flow. The reformulated Balance Sheets, Income and Cash Flow Statements follow a clean-surplus relationship. All three Statements are fully articulated to include items of Other Comprehensive Income which are added to or subtracted from Shareholders' Equity. 
</div>UNIVERSE - The universe for this Insight comprises the 614 Japanese companies with a market capitalisation excluding Treasury Stock over ¥100 million and for which we have at least two years of cash flow data.  Five non-financial companies, which have significant financial subsidiaries (<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/rakuten-inc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:31:1" rel="noopener">Rakuten (4755 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/z-holdings-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:19603:1" rel="noopener">Z Holdings (4689 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/japan-post-holdings-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:359:1" rel="noopener">Japan Post (6178 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/softbank-group-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:315:1" rel="noopener">Softbank Group (9984 JP)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/sony-corp" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:563:1" rel="noopener">Sony (6758 JP)</a>), have been excluded from this analysis.


Source: Japan Analytics
STRESS TESTS - This Insight is the second in our Japan Stress Test series in which we endeavour to assess where business risk is concentrated among larger Japanese companies. Part 1 looked at the time-worn Altman-Z Score for both manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies. In Part 2 will we turn our attention to the cash flow statement starting with the 'lifeblood' of all businesses - Operating Cash Flow.
ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING - Despite the sacrosanctity in some quarters of discounted cash flow analysis, for valuation purposes, our preference is to use accrual accounting. As Professor Stephen Penman states, "Accrual accounting brings the future forward in time and anticipates future cash flows."  Nevertheless, cash flow accounting, and the level of accounting accruals, can provide early insights into periodic stress. Nissan Motor (7201 JP)'s Accruals (Operating Income less Operating Cash Flow) as a percentage of period-end market capitalisation correlate with the company's Relative Price Score over the last thirty years. Further Insights in this series will continue to 'mine'  the Cash Flow statement by exploring Financing Cash Flows and the Working Capital Cycle.
REFORMULATED CASH FLOWSTATEMENTS - Our Operating Cash Flow calculation is derived from each company's Balance Sheet and Income Statement for periods of up to twenty-eight years. Cash Flow items relating to operating activities are divided into Operating Cash Flow and Investing Cash Flow, which includes Fixed Asset and Inventory Cash Flows.  Cash flows relating to financing activities are divided into Financing Cash Flow and Shareholder Cash Flow. The reformulated Balance Sheets, Income and Cash Flow Statements follow a clean-surplus relationship. All three Statements are fully articulated to include items of Other Comprehensive Income which are added to or subtracted from Shareholders' Equity. 
UNIVERSE - The universe for this Insight comprises the 614 Japanese companies with a market capitalisation excluding Treasury Stock over ¥100 million and for which we have at least two years of cash flow data.  Five non-financial companies, which have significant financial subsidiaries (Rakuten (4755 JP), Z Holdings (4689 JP), Japan Post (6178 JP), Softbank Group (9984 JP) and Sony (6758 JP)), have been excluded from this analysis. 

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 2 - Operating Cash Flow & Accruals

Expert on Japan Retail and Consumer Markets, JapanConsuming

Michael Causton

Expert on Japan Retail and Consumer Markets

Real Insight on Japanese Consumer Markets

JapanConsuming

JapanConsuming is a specialist research firm producing intelligence on Japanese retail and consumer markets. Founded in 2000, JapanConsuming has become the leading provider of insights on Japanese retailers and consumer trends to retailers, brands, government agencies and investors. As well as a highly regarded monthly report on the market, JapanConsuming produces in-depth reports on retail sectors, seminars on key trends and telephone consulting to investors on trends and retailers.

JapanConsuming was founded by Michael Causton and Roy Larke. 

Fashion is the fastest growing and largest category in the e-commerce channel in 2018. Fashion items are easy to stock and ship and low cost.Consumers still like to see, feel and try on their fashion purchases, but the ease and lower cost of shipping means that it is also an excellent category to shift to omnichannel, integrating customer touchpoints across promotion, through product trial, purchase and delivery.This is exactly what is now happening. All the major brands are selling online in some form, mostly through one or more of the big online malls, including the one dedicated fashion mall, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/zozo-inc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:18379:1" rel="noopener">ZOZO Inc (3092 JP)</a>, but more and more are now also selling directly online, with the best ones integrating online sales with their stores.The following is an in-depth review of the fashion e-commerce sector including market value and penetration rates and rankings of:<ul>
<li>The leading fashion vendors online by sales</li>
<li>Fastest-growing online sales</li>
<li>Penetration rates for online vs. total sales</li>
<li>Penetration rates for direct online sales via own stores rather than major online platforms.</li>
</ul>

Fashion is the fastest growing and largest category in the e-commerce channel in 2018. Fashion items are easy to stock and ship and low cost.Consumers still like to see, feel and try on their fashion purchases, but the ease and lower cost of shipping means that it is also an excellent category to shift to omnichannel, integrating customer touchpoints across promotion, through product trial, purchase and delivery.This is exactly what is now happening. All the major brands are selling online in some form, mostly through one or more of the big online malls, including the one dedicated fashion mall, ZOZO Inc (3092 JP), but more and more are now also selling directly online, with the best ones integrating online sales with their stores.The following is an in-depth review of the fashion e-commerce sector including market value and penetration rates and rankings of:
The leading fashion vendors online by sales
Fastest-growing online sales
Penetration rates for online vs. total sales
Penetration rates for direct online sales via own stores rather than major online platforms.


Japan Fashion E-Commerce: Direct Investment by Retailers on the Rise

Japan

Rakuten Group, Inc. provides Internet services. The Company offers Internet finance services which including "Rakuten Card" and "Rakuten Bank". Rakuten Group also provides digital content services including electronic book services.

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Rakuten (4755 JP)

BASE: Robust Growth Through Collaboration with NEOlogi - Expensive @ 12.5x EV/Sales

On 23rd June, BASE (4477 JP)’s e-commerce platform began handling cross-border e-commerce delivery services covering 150 countries. The company...

Oshadhi Kumarasiri

NTT Invests in NEC, Belle of the 5G Ball?

NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone) (9432 JP) will invest c. ¥67bn for a 5% stake in telecom equipment maker NEC whilst the two companies will...

Kirk Boodry

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 3 - Inventory, Fixed Asset & Free Cash Flows

FROM OPERATING TO FINANCING CASH FLOWS - Having examined Operating Cash Flow in our previous Insight, we shall look into the 'stressors' between...

Campbell Gunn

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 2 - Operating Cash Flow & Accruals

STRESS TESTS - This Insight is the second in our Japan Stress Test series in which we endeavour to assess where business risk is concentrated...

Campbell Gunn

Japan Fashion E-Commerce: Direct Investment by Retailers on the Rise

Fashion is the fastest growing and largest category in the e-commerce channel in 2018. Fashion items are easy to stock and ship and low...

Michael Causton

Price Gauge

52-week Range

Market Cap (USDm)

P/E

Dividend (Yield)

BASE: Robust Growth Through Collaboration with NEOlogi - Expensive @ 12.5x EV/​Sales

On 23rd June, BASE (4477 JP)’s e-commerce platform began handling cross-border e-commerce delivery services covering 150 countries. The company...

Oshadhi Kumarasiri

NTT Invests in NEC, Belle of the 5G Ball?

NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone) (9432 JP) will invest c. ¥67bn for a 5% stake in telecom equipment maker NEC whilst the two companies will...

Kirk Boodry

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 3 - Inventory, Fixed Asset & Free Cash Flows

FROM OPERATING TO FINANCING CASH FLOWS - Having examined Operating Cash Flow in our previous Insight, we shall look into the 'stressors' between...

Campbell Gunn

🇯🇵 JAPAN - Stress Tests Part 2 - Operating Cash Flow & Accruals

STRESS TESTS - This Insight is the second in our Japan Stress Test series in which we endeavour to assess where business risk is concentrated...

Campbell Gunn

Japan Fashion E-Commerce: Direct Investment by Retailers on the Rise

Fashion is the fastest growing and largest category in the e-commerce channel in 2018. Fashion items are easy to stock and ship and low...

Michael Causton

BASE: Robust Growth Through Collaboration with NEOlogi - Expensive @ 12.5x EV/Sales