Financials Credit Analyst

Hank Calenti, CFA

CreditContinuum

Credit

Executive Summary: The US Treasury bond market rally gave up the ghost at the longer-end of the curve while excess cash levels compressed rates at the short-end last week. The Treasury curve bull steepened for the first time in over three weeks.Market participants re-positioned into month-end and ahead of April data releases over the next two weeks. Expectations are for strong economic data. High readings could prove bearish for Treasury prices. However, since the markets are forward looking, the question is also why are rates not already higher?As markets focused on upside inflation risks, with commodity prices continuing to surge, both Sweden’s Riksbank and the Bank of Japan highlighted soft inflation pressures in their latest policy meetings. These statements may add to uncertainty over how sustainable the current rise in US inflation may prove to be.At the same time, the run-off of the US Treasury Department’s cash balances at the Fed continues to keep pressure on repo rates. This in turn is resulting in a melt-up with two year and under area yields being squeezed tighter as investors move up the curve for a return. For more on this melt-up approach, please see: <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/compose/insight/50971/Bank%20Credit%20Strategy:%20Melt-Up%20Before%20Meltdown,%20Where%20to%20Position.%20Read%20more:%20https:/skr.ma/W1NcQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bank Credit Strategy: Melt-Up Before Meltdown, Where to Position</a>. In bank credit, with short-end interest rates compressing week-on-week and short-end credit tightening, positive total returns were easy to generate. Although credit spreads tightened more in the long- than short-end, Treasury curve steepening meant that positive total returns were not realized in longer dated notes. Most Asia-headquartered bank credits tightened by two- to three- basis points week-on-week. Tier 2 and HY Senior Unsecured notes tended to outperform on a spread basis. Most European-headquartered bank credits tightened by three- to four- basis points week-on-week. Lower risk Senior Bail-in bonds delivered higher average spread tighteningWith peak earnings season now behind us, the upcoming week will essentially complete Q1 reports for most major financial institutions. US banks signaled that they anticipate significantly higher interest rates by raising record breaking amounts in the debt capital markets following their Q1 earnings announcements. Other banks may follow. May is historically the start of a bullish period for Treasuries. However, as we start the month, the absence of evidence should not be taken as evidence of its absence. Various holidays around the world may reduce visibility over the next week. Markets in China, Japan and the UK are closed on Monday, with those in Tokyo and China shut through Wednesday. Look to the end of the week for more directionality. We explore these market themes within.Market Outlook: Already looking past upcoming spikes in inflation and job creation, the Treasury market is more constrained in terms of rates than was previously expected. This should be risk asset supportive. The concern is that of impotent monetary policy and a constrained fiscal response in a shorter than expected business cycle.

Executive Summary: The US Treasury bond market rally gave up the ghost at the longer-end of the curve while excess cash levels compressed rates at the short-end last week. The Treasury curve bull steepened for the first time in over three weeks.Market participants re-positioned into month-end and ahead of April data releases over the next two weeks. Expectations are for strong economic data. High readings could prove bearish for Treasury prices. However, since the markets are forward looking, the question is also why are rates not already higher?As markets focused on upside inflation risks, with commodity prices continuing to surge, both Sweden’s Riksbank and the Bank of Japan highlighted soft inflation pressures in their latest policy meetings. These statements may add to uncertainty over how sustainable the current rise in US inflation may prove to be.At the same time, the run-off of the US Treasury Department’s cash balances at the Fed continues to keep pressure on repo rates. This in turn is resulting in a melt-up with two year and under area yields being squeezed tighter as investors move up the curve for a return. For more on this melt-up approach, please see: Bank Credit Strategy: Melt-Up Before Meltdown, Where to Position. In bank credit, with short-end interest rates compressing week-on-week and short-end credit tightening, positive total returns were easy to generate. Although credit spreads tightened more in the long- than short-end, Treasury curve steepening meant that positive total returns were not realized in longer dated notes. Most Asia-headquartered bank credits tightened by two- to three- basis points week-on-week. Tier 2 and HY Senior Unsecured notes tended to outperform on a spread basis. Most European-headquartered bank credits tightened by three- to four- basis points week-on-week. Lower risk Senior Bail-in bonds delivered higher average spread tighteningWith peak earnings season now behind us, the upcoming week will essentially complete Q1 reports for most major financial institutions. US banks signaled that they anticipate significantly higher interest rates by raising record breaking amounts in the debt capital markets following their Q1 earnings announcements. Other banks may follow. May is historically the start of a bullish period for Treasuries. However, as we start the month, the absence of evidence should not be taken as evidence of its absence. Various holidays around the world may reduce visibility over the next week. Markets in China, Japan and the UK are closed on Monday, with those in Tokyo and China shut through Wednesday. Look to the end of the week for more directionality. We explore these market themes within.Market Outlook: Already looking past upcoming spikes in inflation and job creation, the Treasury market is more constrained in terms of rates than was previously expected. This should be risk asset supportive. The concern is that of impotent monetary policy and a constrained fiscal response in a shorter than expected business cycle.  

Bank Credit Weekly: Bull Steepening, but Is It Sustainable?

Silver Point

Thomas J. Monaco

Silver Point is a boutique research firm that focuses on the broader financial services sector, with a particular focus on troubled institutions globally. 

Asia Ex Japan

Equity Bottom-Up

China Merchants Bank H / Equity Bottom-Up

*Good 1Q21 Bottom-Line: China Merchants Bank (3968.HK) [CMB] reported 1Q21 results of CNY 32.0 bn, increasing CNY 11.3 bn (54.4%) linked quarter. Results were driven by net interest income improvement; robust fee growth; and an operating expense reduction; and *Credit Wall Continues To Grow: Net new problem loans continue to accelerate at an Indian bank pace of CNY 18.9 bn or 138.5% on an annualized basis, accelerating form the 04.7% growth rate posted in 4Q20. Provided (and its not a stretch) that the net new NPL ratio trajectory holds, reserve cover of NPLs will drop to 184% - suggesting that even the mighty are falling.

*Good 1Q21 Bottom-Line: China Merchants Bank (3968.HK) [CMB] reported 1Q21 results of CNY 32.0 bn, increasing CNY 11.3 bn (54.4%) linked quarter. Results were driven by net interest income improvement; robust fee growth; and an operating expense reduction; and *Credit Wall Continues To Grow: Net new problem loans continue to accelerate at an Indian bank pace of CNY 18.9 bn or 138.5% on an annualized basis, accelerating form the 04.7% growth rate posted in 4Q20. Provided (and its not a stretch) that the net new NPL ratio trajectory holds, reserve cover of NPLs will drop to 184% - suggesting that even the mighty are falling. 

China Merchants Bank – Pig Still In Python

*Many Moving Parts: Ping An Bank (000001.CH) [PAB], the Ping An Insurance (2318.HK) [Ping An] banking subsidiary, remains challenged. For 1Q21, PAB reported results of CNY 10.1 bn – increasing CNY 3.6 bn (55.2%) on a linked quarter basis. Revenues, however, did increase CNY 4.8 bn (13.0%), much of which, in our view, can likely be attributed to gains while operating expenses contracted CNY 802 mn or 6.2% over the period; and*Credit Seeing Improvement: By our analysis, we find that credit weakness continues to occur as net new NPLs have increased CNY 4.2 bn or 53.6% on an annualized basis. In fairness, however, this is far better than the CNY 20.5 bn or a massive 241% (223% in 3Q20) increase on an annualized basis. Assuming the credit break in the PAB portfolio continues to remain at the current improved level, we find that PAB’s reserves still remain quite light by CNY 19 bn if we assume a 2x NPL ratio. This shortfall represents 6% of stated equity.

*Many Moving Parts: Ping An Bank (000001.CH) [PAB], the Ping An Insurance (2318.HK) [Ping An] banking subsidiary, remains challenged. For 1Q21, PAB reported results of CNY 10.1 bn – increasing CNY 3.6 bn (55.2%) on a linked quarter basis. Revenues, however, did increase CNY 4.8 bn (13.0%), much of which, in our view, can likely be attributed to gains while operating expenses contracted CNY 802 mn or 6.2% over the period; and*Credit Seeing Improvement: By our analysis, we find that credit weakness continues to occur as net new NPLs have increased CNY 4.2 bn or 53.6% on an annualized basis. In fairness, however, this is far better than the CNY 20.5 bn or a massive 241% (223% in 3Q20) increase on an annualized basis. Assuming the credit break in the PAB portfolio continues to remain at the current improved level, we find that PAB’s reserves still remain quite light by CNY 19 bn if we assume a 2x NPL ratio. This shortfall represents 6% of stated equity.  

Bank Of Ningbo Co Ltd A / Equity Bottom-Up

*Despite Cost Growth, Bank of Ningbo Pulls One Out: Bank of Ningbo (002142.CH) [Ningbo] reported 4Q20 bottom-line results of CNY 3.8 bn, increasing CNY 304 mn or 8.8% linked quarter. The linked quarter results improvement at Ningbo was driven by several factors: a) revenue improvement of CNY 571 mn (5.6%) and likely driven by loan growth of CNY 32.4 bn (5.0%); b) a CNY 752 mn (31.5%) reduction in loss provisioning; and c) a 6.3% reduction in Ningbo’s tax rate to 7.3%; and*Credit On Solid Footing: Despite the continued accelerated level of net new NPL growth at 83.4% on an annualized, Ninbo has a low base of NPLs.  It’s a good thing that Ningbo remains well-reserved and that credit risk appears quite manageable because capital levels remain somewhat challenged with a CET1 of just 9.5%.

*Despite Cost Growth, Bank of Ningbo Pulls One Out: Bank of Ningbo (002142.CH) [Ningbo] reported 4Q20 bottom-line results of CNY 3.8 bn, increasing CNY 304 mn or 8.8% linked quarter. The linked quarter results improvement at Ningbo was driven by several factors: a) revenue improvement of CNY 571 mn (5.6%) and likely driven by loan growth of CNY 32.4 bn (5.0%); b) a CNY 752 mn (31.5%) reduction in loss provisioning; and c) a 6.3% reduction in Ningbo’s tax rate to 7.3%; and*Credit On Solid Footing: Despite the continued accelerated level of net new NPL growth at 83.4% on an annualized, Ninbo has a low base of NPLs.  It’s a good thing that Ningbo remains well-reserved and that credit risk appears quite manageable because capital levels remain somewhat challenged with a CET1 of just 9.5%.  

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

*D-SIB Standards Released: The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and China Bank and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) on April 2, 2021 released finalized new capital standards for the country’s domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs), and indicated that the need for banking  crisis liquidation plans; and* Aggressive Capital Raises Expected: In our view, the forthcoming regulations are likely to focus on: additional paid-in capital; leverage ratios; risk concentrations; corporate governance; disclosure levels; and mechanism to prevent systemic risk; and internal controls. The idea is to finally strengthen mainland Chinese bank balance sheets and improve their loss absorption capacity. Problem for equity raises is that P/BV must be over 1.0x for the raise and many of the potential D-SIBs are trading below book value.

*D-SIB Standards Released: The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and China Bank and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) on April 2, 2021 released finalized new capital standards for the country’s domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs), and indicated that the need for banking  crisis liquidation plans; and* Aggressive Capital Raises Expected: In our view, the forthcoming regulations are likely to focus on: additional paid-in capital; leverage ratios; risk concentrations; corporate governance; disclosure levels; and mechanism to prevent systemic risk; and internal controls. The idea is to finally strengthen mainland Chinese bank balance sheets and improve their loss absorption capacity. Problem for equity raises is that P/BV must be over 1.0x for the raise and many of the potential D-SIBs are trading below book value. 

China Banks – Big Capital Raises Coming

China

China Zheshang Bank Co., Ltd. offers banking services. The Company provides deposits, loans, international settlement, wealth management, and other services. China Zheshang Bank also operates financial services.

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China Zheshang Bank (601916 CH)

Bank Credit Weekly: Bull Steepening, but Is It Sustainable?

Treasury yields bull steepened while the melt-up led credit total returns. Yield conviction may build as April economic data is published; however,...

Hank Calenti, CFA

China Merchants Bank – Pig Still In Python

CHINA MERCHANTS BANK: CMB reported a 1Q21 QOQ results increase of 54.4% driven by net interest income; fee growth; and lower expenses. Net new...

Thomas J. Monaco

Ping An Insurance – Sea Change At Bank

PING AN INSURANCE: PAB reported a 55.2% QOQ improvement in results. Net new NPLs have increased 53.6% on an annualized basis - far better than the...

Thomas J. Monaco

Bank of Ningbo – A Good Result

BANK OF NINGBO: 4Q20 bottom-line increased 8.8% linked quarter driven by revenue improvement, a drop in loss provisioning, and a lower tax rate....

Thomas J. Monaco

China Banks – Big Capital Raises Coming

CHINA BANKS: The PBOC and CBIRC released finalized new capital standards for the country’s D-SIBs. Equity raises require P/BV over 1.0x and many of...

Thomas J. Monaco

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