European Event-Driven Analyst

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Event-Driven

<ul>
<li>May saw selective convergence reassert itself across Europe’s dual-class universe, with broad tightening in several structurally wide and liquidity-driven spreads offsetting renewed widening in Carlsberg and Grifols.</li>
<li>Both median and mean tightened, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by liquidity, concentrated ownership, implementation constraints and episodic positioning reversals across Europe’s dual-class universe.</li>
<li>Handelsbanken, Media-for-Europe and Telecom Italia delivered the strongest tightening moves in May, while Carlsberg and Grifols reversed sharply, re-widening after April’s convergence phase.</li>
</ul>


May saw selective convergence reassert itself across Europe’s dual-class universe, with broad tightening in several structurally wide and liquidity-driven spreads offsetting renewed widening in Carlsberg and Grifols.
Both median and mean tightened, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by liquidity, concentrated ownership, implementation constraints and episodic positioning reversals across Europe’s dual-class universe.
Handelsbanken, Media-for-Europe and Telecom Italia delivered the strongest tightening moves in May, while Carlsberg and Grifols reversed sharply, re-widening after April’s convergence phase.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: May '26 Report

<ul>
<li>Median discount tightened from -1.1% to -0.5%, but the mean widened to -3.7%, as several already-large discounts moved further away from parity.</li>
<li>Carlsberg was the largest widener at -18.8%, while Grifols reached -33.3% and MFE -28.3%, improving prospective returns from convergence trades.</li>
<li>Grifols and MFE stand out among new positions, while Ericsson’s B-only SEK15bn buyback remains the most relevant active capital-structure development.</li>
</ul>


Median discount tightened from -1.1% to -0.5%, but the mean widened to -3.7%, as several already-large discounts moved further away from parity.
Carlsberg was the largest widener at -18.8%, while Grifols reached -33.3% and MFE -28.3%, improving prospective returns from convergence trades.
Grifols and MFE stand out among new positions, while Ericsson’s B-only SEK15bn buyback remains the most relevant active capital-structure development.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: September '26 Report

<ul>
<li>Mid-August saw renewed dispersion across Europe’s dual-class universe. Handelsbanken tightened sharply, but widening in Fuchs, Sixt, Media-for-Europe and Danieli pushed the mean spread further negative.</li>
<li>Convergence remained highly selective: Carlsberg and Handelsbanken retraced materially, while several previously wide discounts moved in the opposite direction.</li>
<li>Grifols shareholders have authorised cancellation of treasury A and B shares, while Schindler has expanded its dual-class buyback programme to CHF700m.</li>
</ul>


Mid-August saw renewed dispersion across Europe’s dual-class universe. Handelsbanken tightened sharply, but widening in Fuchs, Sixt, Media-for-Europe and Danieli pushed the mean spread further negative.
Convergence remained highly selective: Carlsberg and Handelsbanken retraced materially, while several previously wide discounts moved in the opposite direction.
Grifols shareholders have authorised cancellation of treasury A and B shares, while Schindler has expanded its dual-class buyback programme to CHF700m.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: August '26 Report

<ul>
<li>Mid-July saw aggregate dispersion widen across Europe’s liquid dual-class universe. Median and mean became more negative as widening in Media-for-Europe and Grifols outweighed convergence across several structurally wide positive-premium pairs.</li>
<li>Convergence nevertheless remained broad beneath the headline statistics. Handelsbanken, Schindler, Henkel, Fuchs, Sixt and Carlsberg all tightened, reinforcing the episodic rather than linear character of ordinary/preference-share relative value.</li>
<li>BMW exits the universe following the conversion of all preferreds into ordinary shares and termination of preferred-share trading, marking the second major capital-structure resolution in consecutive months after Telecom Italia.</li>
</ul>


Mid-July saw aggregate dispersion widen across Europe’s liquid dual-class universe. Median and mean became more negative as widening in Media-for-Europe and Grifols outweighed convergence across several structurally wide positive-premium pairs.
Convergence nevertheless remained broad beneath the headline statistics. Handelsbanken, Schindler, Henkel, Fuchs, Sixt and Carlsberg all tightened, reinforcing the episodic rather than linear character of ordinary/preference-share relative value.
BMW exits the universe following the conversion of all preferreds into ordinary shares and termination of preferred-share trading, marking the second major capital-structure resolution in consecutive months after Telecom Italia.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: July '26 Report

<ul>
<li>2025 delivered dispersion without repricing: median dual-class spreads remained stable while cross-sectional dispersion widened, driven by a small number of structural outliers.</li>
<li>Liquidity and structure dominated outcomes: convergence worked episodically where economics were identical, while ownership concentration and borrow constraints overwhelmed valuation in select names.</li>
<li>Opportunities persist into 2026: tradable convergence remains viable in liquid pairs, while structural anomalies continue to define dispersion risk rather than governance fundamentals.</li>
</ul>


2025 delivered dispersion without repricing: median dual-class spreads remained stable while cross-sectional dispersion widened, driven by a small number of structural outliers.
Liquidity and structure dominated outcomes: convergence worked episodically where economics were identical, while ownership concentration and borrow constraints overwhelmed valuation in select names.
Opportunities persist into 2026: tradable convergence remains viable in liquid pairs, while structural anomalies continue to define dispersion risk rather than governance fundamentals.


2025 in Review: Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares

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Svenska Handelsbanken AB attracts deposits and offers commercial banking services. The Bank offers corporate finance, securities brokerage, commodity trading, structured products, custody solution, and institutional asset management services. Svenska Handelsbanken serves customers in worldwide.

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Svenska Handelsbanken (SHBB SS)

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: May '26 Report

European dual-class spreads tightened again in May as liquidity-driven convergence resumed. Handelsbanken, MFE and Telecom Italia led compression,...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: September '26 Report

September brought fresh dispersion: Carlsberg, Grifols and MFE widened sharply, improving convergence returns, while Ericsson's B-only buyback adds...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: August '26 Report

August brought fresh dispersion across Europe's dual-class shares, creating new relative-value opportunities while corporate actions remain an...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: July '26 Report

-July widened dispersion across Europe’s dual-class universe, yet selective convergence persisted beneath the surface. Structural anomalies...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

2025 in Review: Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares

2025 saw dispersion without repricing in Europe’s dual-class stocks: a stable median hid sharp, liquidity-driven divergences, with convergence...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

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