European Event-Driven Analyst

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Event-Driven

<ul>
<li>
<strong>February</strong> saw dispersion widen modestly, with the median stable but the mean rising as structural right-tail spreads re-expanded.</li>
<li>Liquidity-Driven convergence worked selectively (Carlsberg, Fuchs), reinforcing the episodic nature of ord/pref tightening.</li>
<li>Structural anomalies persist, with Danieli widening and Handelsbanken remaining the universe’s dominant dispersion outlier.</li>
</ul>



February saw dispersion widen modestly, with the median stable but the mean rising as structural right-tail spreads re-expanded.
Liquidity-Driven convergence worked selectively (Carlsberg, Fuchs), reinforcing the episodic nature of ord/pref tightening.
Structural anomalies persist, with Danieli widening and Handelsbanken remaining the universe’s dominant dispersion outlier.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: February '26 Report

<ul>
<li>January saw post year-end normalisation, with selective convergence resuming while the median voting premium remained stable, confirming no systemic repricing of control across Europe’s dual-class universe.</li>
<li>Liquidity and structure drove outcomes, with convergence working in scalable, index-exposed pairs, while a small number of structurally constrained names continued to dominate dispersion.</li>
<li>Opportunities remain selective into 2026, favouring liquidity-driven convergence and balance-sheet normalisation, while extreme Nordic dislocations persist as high-dispersion, structurally constrained trades.</li>
</ul>


January saw post year-end normalisation, with selective convergence resuming while the median voting premium remained stable, confirming no systemic repricing of control across Europe’s dual-class universe.
Liquidity and structure drove outcomes, with convergence working in scalable, index-exposed pairs, while a small number of structurally constrained names continued to dominate dispersion.
Opportunities remain selective into 2026, favouring liquidity-driven convergence and balance-sheet normalisation, while extreme Nordic dislocations persist as high-dispersion, structurally constrained trades.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: January '26 Report

<ul>
<li>2025 delivered dispersion without repricing: median dual-class spreads remained stable while cross-sectional dispersion widened, driven by a small number of structural outliers.</li>
<li>Liquidity and structure dominated outcomes: convergence worked episodically where economics were identical, while ownership concentration and borrow constraints overwhelmed valuation in select names.</li>
<li>Opportunities persist into 2026: tradable convergence remains viable in liquid pairs, while structural anomalies continue to define dispersion risk rather than governance fundamentals.</li>
</ul>


2025 delivered dispersion without repricing: median dual-class spreads remained stable while cross-sectional dispersion widened, driven by a small number of structural outliers.
Liquidity and structure dominated outcomes: convergence worked episodically where economics were identical, while ownership concentration and borrow constraints overwhelmed valuation in select names.
Opportunities persist into 2026: tradable convergence remains viable in liquid pairs, while structural anomalies continue to define dispersion risk rather than governance fundamentals.


2025 in Review: Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares

<ul>
<li>December spreads were technically noisy but structurally neutral: median unchanged, dispersion high, with year-end flows interrupting—but not invalidating—ongoing convergence across Europe’s dual-class universe.</li>
<li>Marginal voting premia continue to erode where control is entrenched: Henkel, Grifols and Roche show further compression as governance risk fades and incremental voting rights lose economic relevance.</li>
<li>Nordic anomalies remain unresolved: Handelsbanken’s &gt;70% premium and SSAB’s anchored discount continue to reflect flow and structural frictions rather than voting economics, offering the clearest dispersion opportunities into 2026.</li>
</ul>


December spreads were technically noisy but structurally neutral: median unchanged, dispersion high, with year-end flows interrupting—but not invalidating—ongoing convergence across Europe’s dual-class universe.
Marginal voting premia continue to erode where control is entrenched: Henkel, Grifols and Roche show further compression as governance risk fades and incremental voting rights lose economic relevance.
Nordic anomalies remain unresolved: Handelsbanken’s &gt;70% premium and SSAB’s anchored discount continue to reflect flow and structural frictions rather than voting economics, offering the clearest dispersion opportunities into 2026.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: December'25 Report

Head of Research, IPOs & Placements, Aequitas Research

Sumeet Singh

Head of Research, IPOs & Placements

IPOs and Placements coverage across Asia Pacific

Aequitas Research

We cover all listing across the Asia Pacific along with follow-up placements. As of Dec 2020, our team had covered 539 IPOs with a hit rate of 73.5% and 685 placements with a hit rate of 66.8%.

We combine fundamental bottom-up views with our proprietary quantitative framework to provide a holistic coverage across new listings and placements. Our coverage includes pre-IPO notes before the deal is launched, follow-up analysis once the deal is live and post-listing trading analysis as well.

Equity Capital Markets

<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/seres-group-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:29951:1" rel="noopener">Seres Group (601127 CH)</a>,  a Chinese NEV manufacturer, raised around US$2.1bn in its H-share listing.</li>
<li>Seres Group (SG) is principally engaged in the research and development, manufacturing, sales and services of new energy vehicles (NEV) as well as core NEV components.</li>
<li>We have looked at the past performance and likely A/H premium in our previous note. In this note, we talk about IPO trading dynamics.</li>
</ul>



Seres Group (601127 CH),  a Chinese NEV manufacturer, raised around US$2.1bn in its H-share listing.
Seres Group (SG) is principally engaged in the research and development, manufacturing, sales and services of new energy vehicles (NEV) as well as core NEV components.
We have looked at the past performance and likely A/H premium in our previous note. In this note, we talk about IPO trading dynamics.


Seres Group A/H Trading - Demand Wasn’t Very Strong, Close to Fair Value

Germany

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW) manufactures and sells cars and motorcycles. The Company offers convertible sports cars, sedans, and touring motorcycles with large displacement engines. BMW serves customers worldwide.

Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) (Pref) (BMW3 GR)

Price Gauge
52-week Range	0.00 - 0.00
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Dividend (Yield)	0.00

Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) (Pref) (BMW3 GR)

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: February '26 Report

February brought mild widening in Europe’s dual-class spreads, but no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by structural...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: January '26 Report

January confirmed dispersion without repricing in European dual-class stocks: liquidity and structure drove selective convergence, while a few...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

2025 in Review: Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares

2025 saw dispersion without repricing in Europe’s dual-class stocks: a stable median hid sharp, liquidity-driven divergences, with convergence...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: December'25 Report

December added technical noise, not thesis risk: median spreads were unchanged, convergence paused but intact, marginal voting premia erode, and...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Seres Group A/H Trading - Demand Wasn’t Very Strong, Close to Fair Value

Seres Group (601127 CH), a Chinese NEV manufacturer, raised around US$2.1bn in its H-share listing. In this note, we talk about the trading dynamics.

Sumeet Singh

Price Gauge

52-week Range

Market Cap (USDm)

P/E

Dividend (Yield)