Research and consultancy, Tabbush Report

Daniel Tabbush

Research and consultancy

Tabbush Report

We provide research and consultancy on Asian banks. Our focus is on what we call “Asian bank research, without the noise.” We are interested in the most critical swing-factors for banks, the NPL and credit cycle, and where we believe there is a gap between perception and reality. We often focus on the less studied components of bank financial statements.  Our research is highly thematic, sometimes examining unlisted banks and companies as a window on mainstream banks. 

Being independent allows us to look at smaller banks, often overlooked by others. Analysis of BIS bank guidelines in the context of Asia, is also a focal point, while we also analyze global banks operating in the region. We use what we believe is the most comprehensive, reliable financials database, SNL Financial. S&P Capital IQ augments our database, with corporate data and CEIC, with economics. 

Asian bank research, without the noise.

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

The theme for global banks is one of lowered credit costs, improved loan demand and better fee income. The comparative to last year should be exceptional for many banks. Where flu season ends in about two months and with vaccinations starting, this further improves the economic outlook, and therefore credit risk of banks.

The theme for global banks is one of lowered credit costs, improved loan demand and better fee income. The comparative to last year should be exceptional for many banks. Where flu season ends in about two months and with vaccinations starting, this further improves the economic outlook, and therefore credit risk of banks. 

Financials Credit Analyst

Hank Calenti, CFA

CreditContinuum

Credit

Asia’s Subordinated debt, both Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and Tier 2 bonds outperformed higher ranked Senior Unsecured notes over the holiday shortened week. We attribute this to a shift into higher duration exposure as most of the outperformers were 2025 or longer first call bonds.<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bangkok-bank-public-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:213:1" rel="noopener">Bangkok Bank's (BBLTB)</a> 5% coupon and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bank-of-east-asia-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:341:1" rel="noopener">Bank of East Asia's (BNKEA)</a> 5 7/8% coupon AT1 bonds, both with 2025 first call dates, led amongst liquid securities. <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/indiabulls-housing-finance-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:13086:1" rel="noopener">Indiabulls Housing Finance's (IHFLIN)</a> 6 3/8% coupon 2022 maturity bond led performance amongst less liquid notes by tightening 41bps following last week’s 56bps performance. The bond now trades within 1300bps of its benchmark but remains very illiquid. Otherwise, high grade Senior Unsecured returns were dragged lower by India-based bank issuers. <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/icici-bank-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:547:1" rel="noopener">ICICI Bank's (ICICIBC IN)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/canara-bank" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:543:1" rel="noopener">Canara Bank's (CBKIN)</a> debt curve sold off while <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/state-bank-of-india" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:160:1" rel="noopener">State Bank of India's (SBIIN)</a> notes saw mixed performance.Once again, thin markets were directionless over the last week, so we focus on bond performance in this note. For a deeper assessment of bank credit performance in December and an assessment of potential January outcomes, please see <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/bank-credit-compass-regime-change-may-limit-the-annual-january-bounce" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:46712" rel="noopener">Bank Credit Compass: Regime Change May Limit the Annual January Bounce</a>. Market Outlook: The Goldilocks market may morph into a market wolf if the US Senate changes leadership from the runoff races in Georgia. Higher stimulus could be offset by concerns of higher taxes and regulations. This could negatively impact the annual January market bounce. Concurrently, reduced economic activity over the near term from increased virus-related lockdowns may not be fully reflected in asset prices. Against this background, thin markets may exacerbate price moves over the next week.

Asia’s Subordinated debt, both Additional Tier 1 (AT1) and Tier 2 bonds outperformed higher ranked Senior Unsecured notes over the holiday shortened week. We attribute this to a shift into higher duration exposure as most of the outperformers were 2025 or longer first call bonds.Bangkok Bank's (BBLTB) 5% coupon and Bank of East Asia's (BNKEA) 5 7/8% coupon AT1 bonds, both with 2025 first call dates, led amongst liquid securities. Indiabulls Housing Finance's (IHFLIN) 6 3/8% coupon 2022 maturity bond led performance amongst less liquid notes by tightening 41bps following last week’s 56bps performance. The bond now trades within 1300bps of its benchmark but remains very illiquid. Otherwise, high grade Senior Unsecured returns were dragged lower by India-based bank issuers. ICICI Bank's (ICICIBC IN) and Canara Bank's (CBKIN) debt curve sold off while State Bank of India's (SBIIN) notes saw mixed performance.Once again, thin markets were directionless over the last week, so we focus on bond performance in this note. For a deeper assessment of bank credit performance in December and an assessment of potential January outcomes, please see Bank Credit Compass: Regime Change May Limit the Annual January Bounce. Market Outlook: The Goldilocks market may morph into a market wolf if the US Senate changes leadership from the runoff races in Georgia. Higher stimulus could be offset by concerns of higher taxes and regulations. This could negatively impact the annual January market bounce. Concurrently, reduced economic activity over the near term from increased virus-related lockdowns may not be fully reflected in asset prices. Against this background, thin markets may exacerbate price moves over the next week.

Bank Credit Weekly: Duration Desires Deliver Asia's AT1 & Sub Outperformance

HK/China Equity Long-Short

Osbert Tang, CFA

Quantitative Analysis

Our "Buy the Worst" strategy intended to beat the Hang Seng Index in 2020, as laid out in <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/buy-the-worst-a-simple-strategy-to-beat-the-hang-seng-index-in-2020-and-the-years-to-come" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:35427" rel="noopener">"Buy the Worst" - A Simple Strategy to Beat the Hang Seng Index in 2020 and the Years to Come?</a>, did not work out well. The portfolio of the five worst performing Index constituents in 2019 registered an average of 26.1% plunge in share price YTD, sharply underperformed the 5.8% decline in HSI. In our view, this is primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic which hit the old economy stocks (which all five are) hardest. As for this year, as of 29 Dec, the five worst-performing HSI stocks YTD are <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/citic-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:20590:1" rel="noopener">Citic Ltd (267 HK)</a> (again!), <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-overseas-land-invest" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:419:1" rel="noopener">China Overseas Land &amp; Investment Ltd (688 HK)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/cnooc-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:175:1" rel="noopener">CNOOC Ltd (883 HK)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/aac-technologies-holdings-inc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:6544:1" rel="noopener">AAC Technologies Holdings (2018 HK)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/china-unicom-hong-kong-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:1016:1" rel="noopener">China Unicom Hong Kong (762 HK)</a>. While they do not look likely to outperform the Index in next year from their business exposure, we highlight that a rotation into old economy stocks as COVID-19 vaccines help to open up global economic recovery is a potential wild card.

Our "Buy the Worst" strategy intended to beat the Hang Seng Index in 2020, as laid out in "Buy the Worst" - A Simple Strategy to Beat the Hang Seng Index in 2020 and the Years to Come?, did not work out well. The portfolio of the five worst performing Index constituents in 2019 registered an average of 26.1% plunge in share price YTD, sharply underperformed the 5.8% decline in HSI. In our view, this is primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic which hit the old economy stocks (which all five are) hardest. As for this year, as of 29 Dec, the five worst-performing HSI stocks YTD are Citic Ltd (267 HK) (again!), China Overseas Land &amp; Investment Ltd (688 HK), CNOOC Ltd (883 HK), AAC Technologies Holdings (2018 HK) and China Unicom Hong Kong (762 HK). While they do not look likely to outperform the Index in next year from their business exposure, we highlight that a rotation into old economy stocks as COVID-19 vaccines help to open up global economic recovery is a potential wild card.  

A Review Of "Buy the Worst" Strategy in 2020 and Can It Beat the Hang Seng Index in 2021?

<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bnp-paribas" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:525:1" rel="noopener">BNP Paribas' (BNP FP)</a> credit costs were artificially engineered lower during 2020, like most banks globally, via regulatory forbearance combined with legislated and bank provided Covid-19 relief. This helped BNP report positive results despite the ongoing health crisis. Lack of Covid-19 loan loss reserve coverage also inflated BNP’s capital ratios. This impact may unwind over time.While BNP’s Covid-19 restructured loan amounts were less significant than at other financial institutions, they were material relative to the loss absorption ability of the bank. As such, by applying loan loss reserve rates for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans to unprovided Covid-19 relief amounts, we derive a potential range of BNP’s real economic Common Equity Tier 1 ratio without EBA asset quality forbearance. The impact is significant. Covid-19 relief provided was largest in lending to small and medium sized enterprises (SME), relative to the amount of loans outstanding. Over 25% of SME lending was subject to some form of Covid-19 relief assistance. SME lending is the area to keep an eye on for potential deterioration in BNP’s capital ratios.Against this artificially engineered credit cost background, BNP’s Sub / Senior Credit Default Swap (CDS) curve appears to be pricing in a weaker fundamental credit profile over the next three years. From a hedging perspective, since we anticipate a deterioration in the credit profiles of major financial institutions over the next year, buying CDS protection may be worthwhile. However, we would rather own <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/hsbc-holdings-plc-a723bd63-0890-486f-aaa0-3bb9ad2b95ce" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:21976:1" rel="noopener">HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN)</a> 1-year CDS protection as cheap insurance.

BNP Paribas' (BNP FP) credit costs were artificially engineered lower during 2020, like most banks globally, via regulatory forbearance combined with legislated and bank provided Covid-19 relief. This helped BNP report positive results despite the ongoing health crisis. Lack of Covid-19 loan loss reserve coverage also inflated BNP’s capital ratios. This impact may unwind over time.While BNP’s Covid-19 restructured loan amounts were less significant than at other financial institutions, they were material relative to the loss absorption ability of the bank. As such, by applying loan loss reserve rates for Stage 2 and Stage 3 loans to unprovided Covid-19 relief amounts, we derive a potential range of BNP’s real economic Common Equity Tier 1 ratio without EBA asset quality forbearance. The impact is significant. Covid-19 relief provided was largest in lending to small and medium sized enterprises (SME), relative to the amount of loans outstanding. Over 25% of SME lending was subject to some form of Covid-19 relief assistance. SME lending is the area to keep an eye on for potential deterioration in BNP’s capital ratios.Against this artificially engineered credit cost background, BNP’s Sub / Senior Credit Default Swap (CDS) curve appears to be pricing in a weaker fundamental credit profile over the next three years. From a hedging perspective, since we anticipate a deterioration in the credit profiles of major financial institutions over the next year, buying CDS protection may be worthwhile. However, we would rather own HSBC Holdings' (HSBA LN) 1-year CDS protection as cheap insurance.

BNP Paribas: Capital, Forbearance and CDS

Asia’s Additional Tier 1 (AT1), Subordinated and high yield Senior Unsecured bonds outperformed higher rated Senior Unsecured notes over the holiday shortened week. Hong Kong-based AT1 issuers led for a second week in a row. Nonetheless, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/indiabulls-housing-finance-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:13086:1" rel="noopener">Indiabulls Housing Finance's (IHFL IN)</a> 6 3/8% coupon 2022 maturity note led overall performance by tightening 56 basis points. This bond continues to trade almost 1300bps over its benchmark bond and is relatively illiquid. Amongst more liquid notes, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/bank-of-east-asia-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:341:1" rel="noopener">Bank of East Asia's  (23 HK)</a> 2024 callable AT1 outperformed while <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/siam-commercial-bank-pub-co" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:214:1" rel="noopener">Siam Commercial Bank's (SCB TB)</a> 2023 Senior Unsecured bond underperformed. Thailand-based bank issuers dragged high grade Senior Unsecured returns lower.Thin markets were directionless over the last week, so we focus on bond performance in this note. For our views on likely Brexit, stimulus, and virus impacts, please see last week’s Bank Credit Weekly: <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/insights/bank-credit-weekly-fed-spikes-while-the-ecb-sweetens-the-punch-bowl" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="insights:46524" rel="noopener">Fed Spikes While the ECB Sweetens the Punch Bowl</a>.Market Outlook: Brexit and eventual US stimulus is largely priced into US Treasury and credit markets. Reduced economic activity over the near term from increased virus-related lockdowns may not be fully reflected in asset prices. As such, thin markets may exacerbate price moves over the next two weeks. This may confuse noise for signals. We think it better to fade a further market rally. At the same time, we would avoid extending into any year-end decline.

Asia’s Additional Tier 1 (AT1), Subordinated and high yield Senior Unsecured bonds outperformed higher rated Senior Unsecured notes over the holiday shortened week. Hong Kong-based AT1 issuers led for a second week in a row. Nonetheless, Indiabulls Housing Finance's (IHFL IN) 6 3/8% coupon 2022 maturity note led overall performance by tightening 56 basis points. This bond continues to trade almost 1300bps over its benchmark bond and is relatively illiquid. Amongst more liquid notes, Bank of East Asia's  (23 HK) 2024 callable AT1 outperformed while Siam Commercial Bank's (SCB TB) 2023 Senior Unsecured bond underperformed. Thailand-based bank issuers dragged high grade Senior Unsecured returns lower.Thin markets were directionless over the last week, so we focus on bond performance in this note. For our views on likely Brexit, stimulus, and virus impacts, please see last week’s Bank Credit Weekly: Fed Spikes While the ECB Sweetens the Punch Bowl.Market Outlook: Brexit and eventual US stimulus is largely priced into US Treasury and credit markets. Reduced economic activity over the near term from increased virus-related lockdowns may not be fully reflected in asset prices. As such, thin markets may exacerbate price moves over the next two weeks. This may confuse noise for signals. We think it better to fade a further market rally. At the same time, we would avoid extending into any year-end decline.

Bank Credit Weekly: Asia’s Higher Risk Notes Outperform in Thin Markets

United Kingdom

HSBC Holdings plc is the holding company for the HSBC Group. The Company provides a variety of international banking and financial services, including retail and corporate banking, trade, trusteeship, securities, custody, capital markets, treasury, private and investment banking, and insurance.  The Group operates worldwide.

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HSBC Holdings (5 HK)

Banks - A Turning Point

The theme for global banks is one of lowered credit costs, improved loan demand and better fee income. The comparative to last year should be...

Daniel Tabbush

Bank Credit Weekly: Duration Desires Deliver Asia's AT1 & Sub Outperformance

Duration desires drove performance over the holiday shortened week. A US Senate leadership change could negatively impact the market as Goldilocks...

Hank Calenti, CFA

A Review Of "Buy the Worst" Strategy in 2020 and Can It Beat the Hang Seng Index in 2021?

While our "Buy the Worst" strategy underperformed the HSI sharply YTD, we see extending the strategy into 2021 may catch up as the rotation back to...

Osbert Tang, CFA

BNP Paribas: Capital, Forbearance and CDS

BNPs real economic capital, sans forbearance, may be materially lower than reported. Credit costs were artificially engineered lower, like at most...

Hank Calenti, CFA

Bank Credit Weekly: Asia’s Higher Risk Notes Outperform in Thin Markets

Asia’s AT1, Subordinated and high yield Senior Unsecured bonds outperformed over the holiday shortened week. Thin markets were directionless, so we...

Hank Calenti, CFA

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