Founder & Managing Director, AIR Control Tower, AIR Control Tower

Neil Glynn

Founder & Managing Director, AIR Control Tower

AIR Control Tower

AIR Control Tower is an independent research and analysis platform. Its mission is to provide impactful insight and analysis across the global airline industry at a company and market level via detailed financial models to aid decision making for key stake holders at a time when risks have seldom, if ever, been higher and the global sector grapples with the imperative of funding de-carbonisation. Unique analysis forecasting global carrier-level earnings/cash flows, and restructuring/de-leveraging prospects, is designed to dynamically assess the health of the industry, predict surprises and identify potential requirements for third party support.

Insights on the global airline industry

Equity Bottom-Up

<ul>
<li>Korean Air has reported a 4Q23 net loss of KRW235bn, which is down from a profit of KRW354bn in 4Q22. We had expected KRW264bn profit but higher opex/financing costs weighed</li>
<li>We highlight 4Q23 saw KRW409bn in other financial expenses, which compared to an income of KRW322bn in 9M23. Without this, KAL would have generated profit of around KRW200bn in 4Q23</li>
<li>Pre-Pandemic, 4Q saw a near-breakeven performance (KRW17-38bn losses in 4Q18-4Q19) so a KRW184bn profit in 4Q23 still remains strong relative to pre-pandemic levels</li>
</ul>


Korean Air has reported a 4Q23 net loss of KRW235bn, which is down from a profit of KRW354bn in 4Q22. We had expected KRW264bn profit but higher opex/financing costs weighed
We highlight 4Q23 saw KRW409bn in other financial expenses, which compared to an income of KRW322bn in 9M23. Without this, KAL would have generated profit of around KRW200bn in 4Q23
Pre-Pandemic, 4Q saw a near-breakeven performance (KRW17-38bn losses in 4Q18-4Q19) so a KRW184bn profit in 4Q23 still remains strong relative to pre-pandemic levels


Korean Air - 4Q Loss Driven by Exceptional Financial Costs; Underlying Picture Healthier

<ul>
<li>The US Department of Transport (DOT) has ordered the termination of Delta and Aeromexico's joint venture from October 2024 due to access restrictions in Mexico City.</li>
<li>This follows the (unrelated) US blocking of JetBlue's planned acquisition of Spirit Airlines on the grounds that it would negatively impact consumers.</li>
<li>Each case is different, but the US has previously voiced concerns regarding Korean Air's planned merger with Asiana, and the bar continues to rise for M&amp;A/JV approval globally.</li>
</ul>


The US Department of Transport (DOT) has ordered the termination of Delta and Aeromexico's joint venture from October 2024 due to access restrictions in Mexico City.
This follows the (unrelated) US blocking of JetBlue's planned acquisition of Spirit Airlines on the grounds that it would negatively impact consumers.
Each case is different, but the US has previously voiced concerns regarding Korean Air's planned merger with Asiana, and the bar continues to rise for M&amp;A/JV approval globally.


Korean Air - Another US Example Of A Ruling Against Consolidation Raises Asiana Merger Questions

<ul>
<li>The US Supreme Court has just blocked JetBlue's planned acquisition of Spirit Airlines, ruling on the side of the US DOJ, which had sued to block the proposed deal.</li>
<li>Reuters has reported that the European Commission should approve Korean Air/Asiana imminently following analysis of concessions provided. However, the US and Japan also need to approve the deal.</li>
<li>In "Korean Air - Plan B should Asiana merger fail to gain approval" on 26 October 2023, we highlighted Korean Air is well positioned to continue as a standalone entity.</li>
</ul>


The US Supreme Court has just blocked JetBlue's planned acquisition of Spirit Airlines, ruling on the side of the US DOJ, which had sued to block the proposed deal.
Reuters has reported that the European Commission should approve Korean Air/Asiana imminently following analysis of concessions provided. However, the US and Japan also need to approve the deal.
In "Korean Air - Plan B should Asiana merger fail to gain approval" on 26 October 2023, we highlighted Korean Air is well positioned to continue as a standalone entity.


Korean Air - US Blocking of JetBlue/Spirit Continues Trend of M&A Opposition

<ul>
<li>Reuters reported on the Friday that the European Commission is to accept concessions of four European route divestitures and the sale of Asiana's cargo business.</li>
<li>The EC had set a preliminary decision deadline of 14 February.</li>
<li>US and Japanese approvals are still required, while it remains to be seen who might acquire Asiana Cargo.</li>
</ul>


Reuters reported on the Friday that the European Commission is to accept concessions of four European route divestitures and the sale of Asiana's cargo business.
The EC had set a preliminary decision deadline of 14 February.
US and Japanese approvals are still required, while it remains to be seen who might acquire Asiana Cargo.


Korean Air: European Approval for Asiana Merger Reportedly Imminent

<ul>
<li>We forecast EBITDAR of KRW3.35trn for Korean Air in 2023 (KRW3.8trn previously) with EBITDAR/ATK up 50% on 2019/32% on 2018. We remain at KRW2.9trn in 2024 (EBITDAR/ATK +28% vs 2019).</li>
<li>Unwinding cargo yields may fully eliminate earnings gains but cost management safeguards future prospects despite Asiana merger uncertainty.</li>
<li>Cost inflation management inflected negatively in 3Q as labour costs rose – control crucial as market conditions normalize and low cost competitors expand.</li>
</ul>


We forecast EBITDAR of KRW3.35trn for Korean Air in 2023 (KRW3.8trn previously) with EBITDAR/ATK up 50% on 2019/32% on 2018. We remain at KRW2.9trn in 2024 (EBITDAR/ATK +28% vs 2019).
Unwinding cargo yields may fully eliminate earnings gains but cost management safeguards future prospects despite Asiana merger uncertainty.
Cost inflation management inflected negatively in 3Q as labour costs rose – control crucial as market conditions normalize and low cost competitors expand.


Korean Air: Earnings Remain Elevated but Premium May Continue to Unwind as Cargo Yields Re-Set

South Korea

Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. operates air transportation services.  The Company's services include passenger and cargo transportation, aircraft maintenance, and air catering.  Korean Air Lines provides domestic and international airline services.

Korean Air Lines (003490 KS)

Korean Air - 4Q Loss Driven by Exceptional Financial Costs; Underlying Picture Healthier

Korean Air results looked disappointing at the headline level, with a 4Q23 loss. However, we point out that excluding an exceptional 4Q23 other...

Neil Glynn

Korean Air - Another US Example Of A Ruling Against Consolidation Raises Asiana Merger Questions

New perspective on the US's approach to considering M&A/joint ventures which is relevant to consider the US's ultimate verdict on Korean Air/Asiana...

Neil Glynn

Korean Air - US Blocking of JetBlue/Spirit Continues Trend of M&A Opposition

Relevant global insight important for Korean Air/Asiana regulatory approval prospects - the US blocking JetBlue/Spirit raises the question as to...

Neil Glynn

Korean Air: European Approval for Asiana Merger Reportedly Imminent

The Korean Air-Asiana merger saga continues but Europe is reportedly set to provide its approval. The US and Japan also need to approve the deal,...

Neil Glynn

Korean Air: Earnings Remain Elevated but Premium May Continue to Unwind as Cargo Yields Re-Set

Detailed earnings recovery and cost inflation management analysis which inform future earnings and cash flow prospects as Korean Air awaits a...

Neil Glynn