Pan-Asia Catalysts/Events, Quiddity Advisors

Travis Lundy

Pan-Asia Catalysts/Events

Quiddity Advisors

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

<ul>
<li>This is part of a series of M&amp;A guides that our Quiddity* <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/companies/quiddity-advisors/team" target="_blank" rel="noopener">team</a> is publishing to aid investors in understanding the rules, parameters, possibilities, and processes in M&amp;A. </li>
<li>They are designed to contain links to all the relevant rules, oversight entities, and provide details as to how M&amp;A is conducted and what rules apply.</li>
<li>In many of the insights on deals in specific markets and countries, these insights will be used as points of reference. </li>
</ul>


This is part of a series of M&amp;A guides that our Quiddity* team is publishing to aid investors in understanding the rules, parameters, possibilities, and processes in M&amp;A. 
They are designed to contain links to all the relevant rules, oversight entities, and provide details as to how M&amp;A is conducted and what rules apply.
In many of the insights on deals in specific markets and countries, these insights will be used as points of reference. 


Senior Bank Analyst - Japanese Banks, Windamee Research

J. Brian Waterhouse

Senior Bank Analyst - Japanese Banks

Windamee Research

Japanese Banks

Lending surged in CY2020 as Japan entered a prolonged COVID-induced nationwide lockdown, prompting corporates to draw down credit lines at banks in anticipation of severe business disruption and a heightened need for cash just to keep going.  However, much of that cash was redeposited with the banks for safekeeping until needed, swelling banks’ already overflowing coffers with more cash than they could possibly cope with profitably.Now that Japan is emerging from lockdown and business is hopefully returning slowly to some semblance of normality, much of that emergency borrowing is now being repaid.  Since much of that lending was kept with the banks anyway, loan repayments are being made using surplus bank deposits.The problem for the banks is that, even though YoY growth rates are showing a sharp decline, the net inflow continues to be higher than the net outflow despite the emergency loan repayments.  Major banks’ loan to deposit (LDR) ratios have been declining for years and have now fallen to historic lows of 48.5%.  It is becoming increasingly difficult for Japanese banks to make money on their domestic loan books; many are operating in the red on their domestic business, with even the largest banks at little better than break-even.<section class="figure"><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/232/876/original/8300-WR-JBanks-2021-0930-Deposits-TheParty%27sOver-LDR-MajorvsReg+2002-2021.jpg?1633005641" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="232876"></figure></section>The Japanese banking sector in 2021 has outperformed Topix for the first time in several years, aided by a weakening Yen against the US$ and hopes for a steepening yield curve in the US.  Yet, as we head into the third quarter of FY3/2022, much of the earlier outperformance by the banking sector against Topix has already been given back.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Lending surged in CY2020 as Japan entered a prolonged COVID-induced nationwide lockdown, prompting corporates to draw down credit lines at banks in anticipation of severe business disruption and a heightened need for cash just to keep going.  However, much of that cash was redeposited with the banks for safekeeping until needed, swelling banks’ already overflowing coffers with more cash than they could possibly cope with profitably.Now that Japan is emerging from lockdown and business is hopefully returning slowly to some semblance of normality, much of that emergency borrowing is now being repaid.  Since much of that lending was kept with the banks anyway, loan repayments are being made using surplus bank deposits.The problem for the banks is that, even though YoY growth rates are showing a sharp decline, the net inflow continues to be higher than the net outflow despite the emergency loan repayments.  Major banks’ loan to deposit (LDR) ratios have been declining for years and have now fallen to historic lows of 48.5%.  It is becoming increasingly difficult for Japanese banks to make money on their domestic loan books; many are operating in the red on their domestic business, with even the largest banks at little better than break-even.The Japanese banking sector in 2021 has outperformed Topix for the first time in several years, aided by a weakening Yen against the US$ and hopes for a steepening yield curve in the US.  Yet, as we head into the third quarter of FY3/2022, much of the earlier outperformance by the banking sector against Topix has already been given back.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Japanese Bank Deposits:  The Party's Over

Loan data for August 2021 from both the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA) and the Bank of Japan (BoJ) confirm that YoY loan growth for all Japanese commercial banks is now in negative territory, driven by a sharp YoY decline in lending by the major banks over the last four months.  Even on a month-on-month basis, total lending by Japanese banks has been falling for four out of the last five months.  Credit lines that were drawn down in 2020 as Japan went into nationwide COVID-induced lockdown, but were ultimately largely unneeded, are now being repaid.Interest rates remain at rock bottom, a fact that helps minimize funding costs, while the recovery in the stock market has given the banks some valuable ‘breathing space’ to offset rising credit costs with gains on selling some of the investment portfolio.  Nevertheless, margins remain under intense pressure, pushing core earnings down.  The quality of bank profits therefore continues to deteriorate, even though bottom-line profits for 1H FY3/2022 are likely to exceed most banks’ cautious initial earnings guidance.  That said, we expect few banks to opt to raise their full-year guidance significantly, regardless of 1H FY3/2022 results (due out mid-November).The Japanese banking sector in 2021 has outperformed Topix for the first time in several years, aided by a weakening Yen against the US$.  Yet, as we head into the third quarter of FY3/2022, much of the earlier outperformance by the banking sector against Topix has already been given back.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.<section class="figure"><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/232/501/original/8300-WR-JBanks-2021-0719-TooLow4Zero-TPNBNKvsTPX+2015-2021.jpg?1632884040" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="232501"></figure></section>

Loan data for August 2021 from both the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA) and the Bank of Japan (BoJ) confirm that YoY loan growth for all Japanese commercial banks is now in negative territory, driven by a sharp YoY decline in lending by the major banks over the last four months.  Even on a month-on-month basis, total lending by Japanese banks has been falling for four out of the last five months.  Credit lines that were drawn down in 2020 as Japan went into nationwide COVID-induced lockdown, but were ultimately largely unneeded, are now being repaid.Interest rates remain at rock bottom, a fact that helps minimize funding costs, while the recovery in the stock market has given the banks some valuable ‘breathing space’ to offset rising credit costs with gains on selling some of the investment portfolio.  Nevertheless, margins remain under intense pressure, pushing core earnings down.  The quality of bank profits therefore continues to deteriorate, even though bottom-line profits for 1H FY3/2022 are likely to exceed most banks’ cautious initial earnings guidance.  That said, we expect few banks to opt to raise their full-year guidance significantly, regardless of 1H FY3/2022 results (due out mid-November).The Japanese banking sector in 2021 has outperformed Topix for the first time in several years, aided by a weakening Yen against the US$.  Yet, as we head into the third quarter of FY3/2022, much of the earlier outperformance by the banking sector against Topix has already been given back.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Japanese Bank Lending:  Too Low For Zero

Data for May 2021 from both the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA) and the Bank of Japan (BoJ) confirm that YoY loan growth for Japanese commercial banks continues to fall, led by the major banks where YoY loan growth is now in negative territory.  Loan growth at all banks fell to just +0.5% YoY at the end of May, according to the JBA (April was +2.6% YoY).  We expect that June data (to be released in mid-July) from the JBA and BoJ may reveal overall YoY loan growth is heading for the zero-level.January through mid-March saw an unusually strong rally in bank shares, in line with trends in other global stock markets.  The Topix Banks Index peaked at 162.08 on 19 March 2021  -  just 4 days after the notorious Ides of March ‘turning-point’ that we have often referred to in Smartkarma Insights on Japanese banks’ share price performance  -  and has softened to the 145 level.  The sector’s surprise outperformance of Topix in CY2021 has been undermined by a sub-par June performance and on a longer-term view (as we show at the end of this Insight) and despite this year’s rally the sector remains a disappointing investment against the broader Topix Index.<a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/mitsubishi-ufj-financial-group" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:218:1" rel="noopener">Mitsubishi UFJ Financial (MUFG) (8306 JP)</a> is the best performer of the major banks so far this year: up +33.6% over the last six months.  That said, this pales in comparison with bank stocks in other markets such as the US and Europe, where economies are recovering from the coronavirus pandemic and there are rising hopes of a mild steepening of the yield curve.  Meanwhile, despite greater concentration on boosting fee income and lowering overheads, many Japan’s banks remain seemingly unable to fully offset the adverse effects of the near-zero interest rate environment on domestic earnings.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.<section class="figure"><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/215/895/original/8300-WR-JBanks-2021-0628-ZeroSheFlies-TPNBNKvsTPXin2021.jpg?1624939811" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="215895"></figure></section>

Data for May 2021 from both the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA) and the Bank of Japan (BoJ) confirm that YoY loan growth for Japanese commercial banks continues to fall, led by the major banks where YoY loan growth is now in negative territory.  Loan growth at all banks fell to just +0.5% YoY at the end of May, according to the JBA (April was +2.6% YoY).  We expect that June data (to be released in mid-July) from the JBA and BoJ may reveal overall YoY loan growth is heading for the zero-level.January through mid-March saw an unusually strong rally in bank shares, in line with trends in other global stock markets.  The Topix Banks Index peaked at 162.08 on 19 March 2021  -  just 4 days after the notorious Ides of March ‘turning-point’ that we have often referred to in Smartkarma Insights on Japanese banks’ share price performance  -  and has softened to the 145 level.  The sector’s surprise outperformance of Topix in CY2021 has been undermined by a sub-par June performance and on a longer-term view (as we show at the end of this Insight) and despite this year’s rally the sector remains a disappointing investment against the broader Topix Index.Mitsubishi UFJ Financial (MUFG) (8306 JP) is the best performer of the major banks so far this year: up +33.6% over the last six months.  That said, this pales in comparison with bank stocks in other markets such as the US and Europe, where economies are recovering from the coronavirus pandemic and there are rising hopes of a mild steepening of the yield curve.  Meanwhile, despite greater concentration on boosting fee income and lowering overheads, many Japan’s banks remain seemingly unable to fully offset the adverse effects of the near-zero interest rate environment on domestic earnings.“Caveat Emptor!” (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Ever more, ever higher: deposits in Japan keep flooding into the banks as each month passes, reaching an all-time high at the end of April 2021 of ¥859.952 trillion (US$7.88 trillion), according to data provided by the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA).  It was the 175th continuous month of increase, according to the JBA, although the rate of increase on both a MoM (+0.6%) and YoY (+8.2%) basis did not set a new record, reflecting a barely perceptible slowdown in the inflow.According to the Bank of Japan (BoJ), average deposit balances in April 2021 rose +1.5% MoM, or by ¥15.772 trillion (US$144.7 billion), to ¥1,083.032 trillion (US$9.936 trillion); this was also an all-time high level.  On a YoY basis, according to the BoJ data, average deposit balances rose by a remarkable +8.4%, or by ¥83.991 trillion (US$770.56 billion), so well short of last month’s record +8.7% YoY growth rate.What to do with all that cash?  Despite the bankers’ best efforts to lend out those funds to help support an economic recovery, the rate of inflow far surpasses the rate of outflow.  So much so that major banks’ loan to deposit (LDR) ratios have now fallen to historic lows of 48.8%, with lending margins remaining under constant downward pressure.  Japanese banks’ investments in Japanese government bonds (JGBs) are currently at their highest level in 5 years, according to Bank of Japan data, even though yields are minimal at best, and negative-yielding in many cases.<section class="figure"><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/210/232/original/8300-WR-JBanks-2021-0531-Evermore-JBAData-LDR-MajorvsReg-2017-2021.jpg?1622461040" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="210232"></figure></section>“Caveat Emptor!”  (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Ever more, ever higher: deposits in Japan keep flooding into the banks as each month passes, reaching an all-time high at the end of April 2021 of ¥859.952 trillion (US$7.88 trillion), according to data provided by the Japanese Bankers Association (JBA).  It was the 175th continuous month of increase, according to the JBA, although the rate of increase on both a MoM (+0.6%) and YoY (+8.2%) basis did not set a new record, reflecting a barely perceptible slowdown in the inflow.According to the Bank of Japan (BoJ), average deposit balances in April 2021 rose +1.5% MoM, or by ¥15.772 trillion (US$144.7 billion), to ¥1,083.032 trillion (US$9.936 trillion); this was also an all-time high level.  On a YoY basis, according to the BoJ data, average deposit balances rose by a remarkable +8.4%, or by ¥83.991 trillion (US$770.56 billion), so well short of last month’s record +8.7% YoY growth rate.What to do with all that cash?  Despite the bankers’ best efforts to lend out those funds to help support an economic recovery, the rate of inflow far surpasses the rate of outflow.  So much so that major banks’ loan to deposit (LDR) ratios have now fallen to historic lows of 48.8%, with lending margins remaining under constant downward pressure.  Japanese banks’ investments in Japanese government bonds (JGBs) are currently at their highest level in 5 years, according to Bank of Japan data, even though yields are minimal at best, and negative-yielding in many cases.“Caveat Emptor!”  (May the Buyer Beware) remains our advice to would-be investors in Japanese bank stocks for the remainder of 2021 and beyond.

Japanese Bank Deposits:  In the Land of Evermore

Japan

SBI Shinsei Bank, Ltd. provides banking services including deposits, loans, and foreign exchange transaction, as well as investment trust service and issuance of long-term bonds.

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SBI Shinsei Bank (8303 JP)

Quiddity Japan M&A Guide 2022

The 2022 version of the Quiddity Japan M&A Guide with the rules and regulations and practices surrounding Mergers and Acquisitions in Japan as they...

Travis Lundy

Japanese Bank Deposits: The Party's Over

With Japan emerging from lockdown, emergency loans are being repaid, often using surplus deposits. But deposit declines are less than loan...

J. Brian Waterhouse

Japanese Bank Lending: Too Low For Zero

Data for August 2021 from both the JBA and the BoJ confirm that YoY loan growth for all Japanese commercial banks has turned negative, driven by a...

J. Brian Waterhouse

Japanese Bank Lending: Zero She Flies

The sector’s surprise outperformance of Topix in CY2021 has been undermined by a sub-par June performance. Zero growth beckons. Caveat Emptor...

J. Brian Waterhouse

Japanese Bank Deposits: In the Land of Evermore

Ever more, ever higher: deposits in Japan keep flooding into the banks. Despite the bankers’ best efforts to lend out those funds, the rate of...

J. Brian Waterhouse

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