'Quantamental' Japan Specialist, LightStream Research

Campbell Gunn

'Quantamental' Japan Specialist

Long-Short Analysis on Japan, Asia and the World

LightStream Research

LightStream conducts quantitatively rigorous and data-driven analysis with a focus on Japan and Asia.

We consistently cover the Tech, Consumer and Industrial sectors, and provide ECM and Events coverage more broadly.

We supplement traditional qualitative insights from company relationships with a robust quantitative foundation that examines as much historical data as is available.
We further refine the accuracy of our insights and calls through the use of alternative data to flesh out current trends, and through a valuation framework that emphasises non-superficial peer group selection and a proper attempt to understand the metrics and changes that have driven security valuations in the past.

Thematic (Sector/Industry)

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<div class="content-caption">Source for all charts: Japan Analytics</div>
<p><strong>NEV IN JAPAN</strong> - Japan has a reputation for being the world's leading market for finding listed companies with negative Enterprise Value (NEV). Based on a sample of 842,133 traded months for the 3,826 currently-listed non-financial companies in our universe since 1993, NEV-traded months represent 8%. One thousand and eleven companies have spent at least one month with a negative EV and the average NEV 'period' is just over two years.  The number of NEV companies has varied over the last thirty years, from only one in 1994 (Sanyu Construction 1841 JP) to a peak of 437 in 2009 - 15.4% of the universe. In the last two years, the percentage has doubled to 10% or 366 companies, most of which are small-cap.</p>
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<p><strong>50 BPS</strong> -Accordingly, the aggregate (inverted) value of NEV stocks is ¥2.5 trillion or just 50 basis points of the aggregate of the universe. Nevertheless, the current value is at the upper end of the thirty-year range. We have excluded four non-financial companies - Z Holdings, Rakuten, Japan Post, and Sony - as they have financial subsidiaries on their balance sheets.</p>
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<p><strong>NEV 'BUYS'</strong> - Brief periods, and occasionally extended, when higher-quality companies dip into NEV are often good long-term buying opportunities as shown above with <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/temp-holdings-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:1428:1" rel="noopener">Persol (2181 JP)</a>, <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/toei-animation-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:18641:1" rel="noopener">Toei Animation (4816 JP)</a>  and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/hakuhodo-dy-holdings-inc" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:8736:1" rel="noopener">Hakuhodo DY (2433 JP)</a>. </p>
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<p><strong>NEV 'TRAPS'</strong> - Conversely, NEV can persist for years, 'trapping' both value investors and activists, particularly where management remain 'cloth-eared' such as <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/tokyo-broadcasting-system" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:12981:1" rel="noopener">Tokyo Broadcasting System (9401 JP)</a> and <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/toppan-printing-co-ltd" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:11875:1" rel="noopener">Toppan Printing (7911 JP).</a></p>
<div class="content-highlight">
<p>In the <strong>DETAIL</strong> section below, we will review the current large-cap NEV companies, as well the most persistent and the largest peak to trough NEV ranges and make some specific stock recommendations.</p>
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Source for all charts: Japan Analytics
NEV IN JAPAN - Japan has a reputation for being the world's leading market for finding listed companies with negative Enterprise Value (NEV). Based on a sample of 842,133 traded months for the 3,826 currently-listed non-financial companies in our universe since 1993, NEV-traded months represent 8%. One thousand and eleven companies have spent at least one month with a negative EV and the average NEV 'period' is just over two years.  The number of NEV companies has varied over the last thirty years, from only one in 1994 (Sanyu Construction 1841 JP) to a peak of 437 in 2009 - 15.4% of the universe. In the last two years, the percentage has doubled to 10% or 366 companies, most of which are small-cap.

50 BPS -Accordingly, the aggregate (inverted) value of NEV stocks is ¥2.5 trillion or just 50 basis points of the aggregate of the universe. Nevertheless, the current value is at the upper end of the thirty-year range. We have excluded four non-financial companies - Z Holdings, Rakuten, Japan Post, and Sony - as they have financial subsidiaries on their balance sheets.



NEV 'BUYS' - Brief periods, and occasionally extended, when higher-quality companies dip into NEV are often good long-term buying opportunities as shown above with Persol (2181 JP), Toei Animation (4816 JP)  and Hakuhodo DY (2433 JP). 


NEV 'TRAPS' - Conversely, NEV can persist for years, 'trapping' both value investors and activists, particularly where management remain 'cloth-eared' such as Tokyo Broadcasting System (9401 JP) and Toppan Printing (7911 JP).

In the DETAIL section below, we will review the current large-cap NEV companies, as well the most persistent and the largest peak to trough NEV ranges and make some specific stock recommendations.


🇯🇵 JAPAN • Looking for Value in Negative Enterprise Value

<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/153/689/original/2020-08-20_08-32-43.png?1597879991" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="153689"></figure><div class="content-caption">All charts sourced from Japan Analytics.</div><p><strong>BRUTAL</strong> - The summer earnings 'season' reflected the broadening impact of COVID-19 on the Japanese and world economies, however, in terms of profit decline, the pace is more moderate than in the previous quarter. Japanese corporates are starting to engage in aggressive cost controls. As a result, an with no signs of virus abating or a vaccine being readily available, earnings will continue to decline in the current quarter. We have yet to reach a low point in this earnings cycle. Many companies delayed making initial forecasts for the current year. As that deficiency is gradually remedied, earnings forecasts are leading trailing results to the downside. The 'gap' for operating profits is ¥5.7 trillion, or 13%. A similar percentage fall applies to net income. Operating income is forecast to be 41% below the peak level of 2019; for net income, the decline is 57%. The aggregate forecast operating margin of 4.8%% is 294 bps lower than the peak, while the forecast net margin is 318 bps lower at 2.67%. If achieved, this outcome will exceed that of the 2008/9 financial crisis when the aggregate was negative. </p><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/153/694/original/2020-08-20_09-02-34.png?1597881766" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="153694"></figure><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/153/695/original/2020-08-20_09-03-07.png?1597881801" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="153695"></figure><p><strong>TTM RESULTS &amp; FORECASTS</strong> - Using trailing-twelve-month data to smooth out the seasonality in earnings, TTM operating income is 29% lower year-on-year on a 6% decline in sales. Running the same comparison using published forecasts, operating profit expectations are 40% lower than a year ago and revenues 10% lower.</p><figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/153/727/original/2020-08-20_10-57-21.png?1597888653" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="153727"></figure><p><strong>DAMN THE TORPEDOES</strong> - Our scoring methodology tracks all quarterly results since 2003 and every annual and interim forecast made since 2013. The lines above represent the cap-weighted aggregates of those scores overlayed with the daily series for TOPIX. Other than the three years before the advent of 'Abenomics' and the last six months, the directional correlation is clear.  Mr Market, supported by the BoJ and Federal Reserve, is 'banking' on a sharp and sustained recovery over the next two quarters. </p><div class="content-highlight"><p>In the<strong> DETAIL</strong> section below, we shall review the actual results and initial and revised forecasts by Sector and highlight the best and worst-performing companies by one-quarter revenue and margin changes. We shall also review our Results and Revision Scoring for the market, Sectors and Companies.</p></div>

All charts sourced from Japan Analytics.BRUTAL - The summer earnings 'season' reflected the broadening impact of COVID-19 on the Japanese and world economies, however, in terms of profit decline, the pace is more moderate than in the previous quarter. Japanese corporates are starting to engage in aggressive cost controls. As a result, an with no signs of virus abating or a vaccine being readily available, earnings will continue to decline in the current quarter. We have yet to reach a low point in this earnings cycle. Many companies delayed making initial forecasts for the current year. As that deficiency is gradually remedied, earnings forecasts are leading trailing results to the downside. The 'gap' for operating profits is ¥5.7 trillion, or 13%. A similar percentage fall applies to net income. Operating income is forecast to be 41% below the peak level of 2019; for net income, the decline is 57%. The aggregate forecast operating margin of 4.8%% is 294 bps lower than the peak, while the forecast net margin is 318 bps lower at 2.67%. If achieved, this outcome will exceed that of the 2008/9 financial crisis when the aggregate was negative. TTM RESULTS &amp; FORECASTS - Using trailing-twelve-month data to smooth out the seasonality in earnings, TTM operating income is 29% lower year-on-year on a 6% decline in sales. Running the same comparison using published forecasts, operating profit expectations are 40% lower than a year ago and revenues 10% lower.DAMN THE TORPEDOES - Our scoring methodology tracks all quarterly results since 2003 and every annual and interim forecast made since 2013. The lines above represent the cap-weighted aggregates of those scores overlayed with the daily series for TOPIX. Other than the three years before the advent of 'Abenomics' and the last six months, the directional correlation is clear.  Mr Market, supported by the BoJ and Federal Reserve, is 'banking' on a sharp and sustained recovery over the next two quarters. In the DETAIL section below, we shall review the actual results and initial and revised forecasts by Sector and highlight the best and worst-performing companies by one-quarter revenue and margin changes. We shall also review our Results and Revision Scoring for the market, Sectors and Companies.

🇯🇵 JAPAN • IT’S A WRAP - Summer 2020 Results & Revisions Review

ja research

ja research is an independent research platform focused exclusively on Japanese equities. Leveraging data and graphic analysis provided by Japan Analytics, we provide insights on small and medium-sized companies that have been ignored by the sell-side as well as challenging conventional wisdom on larger companies. We also offer analyst and corporate access, the latter with translation if required. 

<figure class="editor-figure mceNonEditable"><img src="https://static-prod.smartkarma.com/images/media/000/123/994/original/2020-03-21_07-26-58.png?1584743238" class="editor-image img-responsive" data-smartkarma-image-id="123994"></figure><div class="content-caption">Source • Japan Analytics</div><p><strong>TAKE PROFITS</strong> - Japanese equities, as measured by the TOPIX Index, rose by 1.7% over the last week in Yen terms and fell by only 0.86% in US dollars, while <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/ishares-msci-acwi-etf" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:24402:1" rel="noopener">ACWI (ACWI US)</a> fell by 13.6%. The 1% gain on Thursday was aided by the Bank of Japan US$1.8 billion purchase of ETFs which represented 4.3% of the value traded in TOPIX and is 80% of the average monthly total of such purchases over the last nine years. We expect the central bank to be in the market again at a similar level of commitment on Monday. We would use such generosity to now reduce exposure to Japan.</p><div class="content-highlight"><p>In the<strong> DETAIL</strong> section below, we cover the outlook for a more prolonged Covid-19 bear market in Japan and suggest levels at which the market might offer some absolute value, hopefully within the next eighteen months.</p></div><blockquote><p><strong>If there is no market economy, then the stock market is in a sense largely irrelevant at this time, although we would not close it either since it does give people something to do that does generate some information and some amount of GDP and income - Andrew Hunt</strong></p></blockquote>

Source • Japan AnalyticsTAKE PROFITS - Japanese equities, as measured by the TOPIX Index, rose by 1.7% over the last week in Yen terms and fell by only 0.86% in US dollars, while ACWI (ACWI US) fell by 13.6%. The 1% gain on Thursday was aided by the Bank of Japan US$1.8 billion purchase of ETFs which represented 4.3% of the value traded in TOPIX and is 80% of the average monthly total of such purchases over the last nine years. We expect the central bank to be in the market again at a similar level of commitment on Monday. We would use such generosity to now reduce exposure to Japan.In the DETAIL section below, we cover the outlook for a more prolonged Covid-19 bear market in Japan and suggest levels at which the market might offer some absolute value, hopefully within the next eighteen months.If there is no market economy, then the stock market is in a sense largely irrelevant at this time, although we would not close it either since it does give people something to do that does generate some information and some amount of GDP and income - Andrew Hunt

🇯🇵 JAPAN MARKET UPDATE • Hit the BoJ Bid and Wait for the Absolute Value Opportunity

Analyst - Japan Autos, Hirakata Office

Noriaki Hirakata, CFA

Analyst - Japan Autos

Hirakata Office

<ul><li>I am back to the research space after 5 years of field work.</li><ul><li>Over 15 years' sell side experience was not sufficient on a real battlefield.</li><li>Interesting days at Mitsubishi Motors in the strategic management office and proving track.</li></ul><li>Growth driver for global automotive industry <ul><li>Chinese market dominates most, while Japanese are not keen to this reality.</li><li>This may induce strategic mistakes for the Japanese automotive industry.</li></ul></li><li>Big Attitude Shift towards alliances <ul><li>Japanese automotive industry has become more constructive to alliances in recent years.</li><li>Huge success at Subaru.</li><li>AD or connected car may not be the main reason.</li><li>We need to make further analysis of regulation trends to understand these phenomena. </li></ul></li><li>Changes in the latest power-train strategy at Toyota Motor <ul><li>Surprising change from "Hybrid to Fuel Cell" to "Hybrid to Plug-in Hybrid".</li></ul></li><li><p> It seems like the right time to evaluate the competitive edge of the Japanese automotive industry. </p></li></ul>

I am back to the research space after 5 years of field work.Over 15 years' sell side experience was not sufficient on a real battlefield.Interesting days at Mitsubishi Motors in the strategic management office and proving track.Growth driver for global automotive industry Chinese market dominates most, while Japanese are not keen to this reality.This may induce strategic mistakes for the Japanese automotive industry.Big Attitude Shift towards alliances Japanese automotive industry has become more constructive to alliances in recent years.Huge success at Subaru.AD or connected car may not be the main reason.We need to make further analysis of regulation trends to understand these phenomena. Changes in the latest power-train strategy at Toyota Motor Surprising change from "Hybrid to Fuel Cell" to "Hybrid to Plug-in Hybrid". It seems like the right time to evaluate the competitive edge of the Japanese automotive industry. 

I'm Back with New and Hopefully Better Thoughts (Japanese Automotive Industry)

Leading Independent Investment Research, Morningstar, Inc.

Morningstar

Leading Independent Investment Research

Morningstar, Inc.

Morningstar, Inc. is a leading provider of independent investment research in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. We offer an extensive line of products and services for individual investors, financial advisors, asset managers, and retirement plan providers and sponsors. 

Morningstar provides data on more than 500,000 investment offerings, including stocks, mutual funds, and similar vehicles, along with real-time global market data on more than 16 million equities, indexes, futures, options, commodities, and precious metals, in addition to foreign exchange and Treasury markets. Morningstar also offers investment management services through its investment advisory subsidiaries, with more than $180 billion in assets under advisement or management as of June 30, 2015. We have operations in 27 countries.

Download the Morningstar Fact Sheet : http://corporate.morningstar.com/US/documents/MarketingFactSheets/AboutMorningstarFactsheet.pdf

<p>Many automotive stocks declined on the morning of Nov. 9 on fear of a Donald Trump presidency. We think selling for now is due to massive uncertainty on what Trump will do on a variety of policies, and we will not be changing our auto fair value estimates on indiscriminate selling until we have more clarity on policy. Still, despite a Republican House and Senate, many Republican members did not support Trump and may oppose his anti-free trade agenda. We think abolishing NAFTA or the Trans-Pacific Partnership are far from a sure thing and depend on Trump’s negotiations with his own party. We think renegotiations of the agreements are more likely.</p><p>If Trump succeeds in changing these agreements, then we’d assume prices on all vehicles would go up over time, even for Detroit Three-made vehicles as they do import electronics content. TPP is favorable to Japanese automakers since it allows them to source over half a vehicle from non-TPP nations, such as China, and still sell it in the U.S. tariff-free. Abolishing TPP would be negative for Japanese automakers selling in the U.S. but regardless of trade agreements, firms have to offer great product. <a href="https://www.smartkarma.com/entities/73" target="_blank" data-smartkarma-citation="entities:73:1">Toyota Motor Corp (7203 JP)</a> has been making Tundra pick-ups in the U.S. for over a decade to avoid the 25% U.S. tariff on pick-up trucks (aka the chicken tax) but that has not meaningfully hurt the Detroit Three’s dominance in the full-size pick-up segment. TPP or no TPP, Japan is likely to remain effectively closed to American automakers and the Japanese OEMs have a big market share lead in many Southeast Asian markets--like Malaysia, which is part of the TPP--that a trade agreement is not likely to change.</p><p><em>Analyst: David Whiston, CFA, CPA, CFE &amp; Richard Hilgert</em></p>

Many automotive stocks declined on the morning of Nov. 9 on fear of a Donald Trump presidency. We think selling for now is due to massive uncertainty on what Trump will do on a variety of policies, and we will not be changing our auto fair value estimates on indiscriminate selling until we have more clarity on policy. Still, despite a Republican House and Senate, many Republican members did not support Trump and may oppose his anti-free trade agenda. We think abolishing NAFTA or the Trans-Pacific Partnership are far from a sure thing and depend on Trump’s negotiations with his own party. We think renegotiations of the agreements are more likely.If Trump succeeds in changing these agreements, then we’d assume prices on all vehicles would go up over time, even for Detroit Three-made vehicles as they do import electronics content. TPP is favorable to Japanese automakers since it allows them to source over half a vehicle from non-TPP nations, such as China, and still sell it in the U.S. tariff-free. Abolishing TPP would be negative for Japanese automakers selling in the U.S. but regardless of trade agreements, firms have to offer great product. Toyota Motor Corp (7203 JP) has been making Tundra pick-ups in the U.S. for over a decade to avoid the 25% U.S. tariff on pick-up trucks (aka the chicken tax) but that has not meaningfully hurt the Detroit Three’s dominance in the full-size pick-up segment. TPP or no TPP, Japan is likely to remain effectively closed to American automakers and the Japanese OEMs have a big market share lead in many Southeast Asian markets--like Malaysia, which is part of the TPP--that a trade agreement is not likely to change.Analyst: David Whiston, CFA, CPA, CFE &amp; Richard Hilgert

Trump Victory Brings Uncertainty to Auto Sector Around U.S. Trade Agreements

Japan

TOKYO BROADCASTING SYSTEM HOLDINGS, INC. is a media company that broadcasts television and radio programs nationally.  The Company offers a variety of TV programs & film production, visual & music software production, and cable television programming.  Tokyo Broadcasting System provides digital satellite broadcasting services and also operates real estate business.

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Tokyo Broadcasting System (9401 JP)

🇯🇵 JAPAN • Looking for Value in Negative Enterprise Value

NEV IN JAPAN - Japan has a reputation for being the world's leading market for finding listed companies with negative Enterprise Value (NEV)....

Campbell Gunn

🇯🇵 JAPAN • IT’S A WRAP - Summer 2020 Results & Revisions Review

BRUTAL - The summer earnings 'season' reflected the broadening impact of COVID-19 on the Japanese and world economies, however, in terms of profit...

Campbell Gunn

🇯🇵 JAPAN MARKET UPDATE • Hit the BoJ Bid and Wait for the Absolute Value Opportunity

TAKE PROFITS - Japanese equities, as measured by the TOPIX Index, rose by 1.7% over the last week in Yen terms and fell by only 0.86% in US...

Campbell Gunn

I'm Back with New and Hopefully Better Thoughts (Japanese Automotive Industry)

I am back to the research space after 5 years of field work. Over 15 years' sell side experience was not sufficient on a real...

Noriaki Hirakata, CFA

Trump Victory Brings Uncertainty to Auto Sector Around U.S. Trade Agreements

Many automotive stocks declined on the morning of Nov. 9 on fear of a Donald Trump presidency. We think selling for now is due to massive...

Morningstar, Inc.

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