European Event-Driven Analyst

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Event-Driven

<ul>
<li>May saw selective convergence reassert itself across Europe’s dual-class universe, with broad tightening in several structurally wide and liquidity-driven spreads offsetting renewed widening in Carlsberg and Grifols.</li>
<li>Both median and mean tightened, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by liquidity, concentrated ownership, implementation constraints and episodic positioning reversals across Europe’s dual-class universe.</li>
<li>Handelsbanken, Media-for-Europe and Telecom Italia delivered the strongest tightening moves in May, while Carlsberg and Grifols reversed sharply, re-widening after April’s convergence phase.</li>
</ul>


May saw selective convergence reassert itself across Europe’s dual-class universe, with broad tightening in several structurally wide and liquidity-driven spreads offsetting renewed widening in Carlsberg and Grifols.
Both median and mean tightened, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by liquidity, concentrated ownership, implementation constraints and episodic positioning reversals across Europe’s dual-class universe.
Handelsbanken, Media-for-Europe and Telecom Italia delivered the strongest tightening moves in May, while Carlsberg and Grifols reversed sharply, re-widening after April’s convergence phase.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: May '26 Report

<ul>
<li>April saw dispersion re-expand, with median and mean widening modestly, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights but renewed divergence across liquidity- and structure-driven dual-class pairs.</li>
<li>Convergence remained selective: Grifols, MFE and Sixt tightened, while Carlsberg, Fuchs and Handelsbanken re-widened, highlighting the episodic nature of ord/pref convergence.</li>
<li>Telecom Italia transitions towards corporate-action, while Nordic anomalies—particularly Handelsbanken—continue to dominate dispersion and constrain arbitrage.</li>
</ul>


April saw dispersion re-expand, with median and mean widening modestly, confirming no systemic repricing of voting rights but renewed divergence across liquidity- and structure-driven dual-class pairs.
Convergence remained selective: Grifols, MFE and Sixt tightened, while Carlsberg, Fuchs and Handelsbanken re-widened, highlighting the episodic nature of ord/pref convergence.
Telecom Italia transitions towards corporate-action, while Nordic anomalies—particularly Handelsbanken—continue to dominate dispersion and constrain arbitrage.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: April '26 Report

<ul>
<li>March saw broad-based tightening across Europe’s dual-class universe, reversing February’s dispersion widening. Both the median and mean moved towards convergence, driven by retracement in structurally wide spreads.</li>
<li>Liquidity-Driven convergence reasserted itself in Fuchs, Carlsberg, Grifols and Sixt, while Handelsbanken remained the dominant structural anomaly despite meaningful tightening.</li>
<li>Telecom Italia continues to behave as a dividend-anchored structure, but with the approved savings conversion, convergence is increasingly shaped by corporate action rather than pure market arbitrage.</li>
</ul>


March saw broad-based tightening across Europe’s dual-class universe, reversing February’s dispersion widening. Both the median and mean moved towards convergence, driven by retracement in structurally wide spreads.
Liquidity-Driven convergence reasserted itself in Fuchs, Carlsberg, Grifols and Sixt, while Handelsbanken remained the dominant structural anomaly despite meaningful tightening.
Telecom Italia continues to behave as a dividend-anchored structure, but with the approved savings conversion, convergence is increasingly shaped by corporate action rather than pure market arbitrage.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: March '26 Report

<ul>
<li>
February saw dispersion widen modestly, with the median stable but the mean rising as structural right-tail spreads re-expanded.</li>
<li>Liquidity-Driven convergence worked selectively (Carlsberg, Fuchs), reinforcing the episodic nature of ord/pref tightening.</li>
<li>Structural anomalies persist, with Danieli widening and Handelsbanken remaining the universe’s dominant dispersion outlier.</li>
</ul>



February saw dispersion widen modestly, with the median stable but the mean rising as structural right-tail spreads re-expanded.
Liquidity-Driven convergence worked selectively (Carlsberg, Fuchs), reinforcing the episodic nature of ord/pref tightening.
Structural anomalies persist, with Danieli widening and Handelsbanken remaining the universe’s dominant dispersion outlier.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: February '26 Report

<ul>
<li>January saw post year-end normalisation, with selective convergence resuming while the median voting premium remained stable, confirming no systemic repricing of control across Europe’s dual-class universe.</li>
<li>Liquidity and structure drove outcomes, with convergence working in scalable, index-exposed pairs, while a small number of structurally constrained names continued to dominate dispersion.</li>
<li>Opportunities remain selective into 2026, favouring liquidity-driven convergence and balance-sheet normalisation, while extreme Nordic dislocations persist as high-dispersion, structurally constrained trades.</li>
</ul>


January saw post year-end normalisation, with selective convergence resuming while the median voting premium remained stable, confirming no systemic repricing of control across Europe’s dual-class universe.
Liquidity and structure drove outcomes, with convergence working in scalable, index-exposed pairs, while a small number of structurally constrained names continued to dominate dispersion.
Opportunities remain selective into 2026, favouring liquidity-driven convergence and balance-sheet normalisation, while extreme Nordic dislocations persist as high-dispersion, structurally constrained trades.


Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: January '26 Report

Spain

Grifols S.A. develops, manufactures, and markets plasma derivatives, IV Therapy, enteral nutrition, diagnostic systems, and medical materials.

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Grifols (GRFS US)

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: May '26 Report

European dual-class spreads tightened again in May as liquidity-driven convergence resumed. Handelsbanken, MFE and Telecom Italia led compression,...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: April '26 Report

European dual-class spreads re-widened in April, with mean rising on right-tail moves. Liquidity-driven convergence persists, while structural...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: March '26 Report

March saw convergence across European dual-class shares, with dispersion narrowing as liquidity returned. Structural outliers persist, while...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: February '26 Report

February brought mild widening in Europe’s dual-class spreads, but no systemic repricing of voting rights. Dispersion remains driven by structural...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

Liquid Universe of European Ordinary and Preferred Shares: January '26 Report

January confirmed dispersion without repricing in European dual-class stocks: liquidity and structure drove selective convergence, while a few...

Jesus Rodriguez Aguilar

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